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Appraisal Studying > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

nominal measurement

A

a measurement in which numbers are assigned to discrete labels or categories

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2
Q

Ordinal Measurement

A

Numbers are assigned to rank-ordered categories ranging from low to high

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3
Q

interval measurement

A

a measure for which a one-unit difference in scores is the same throughout the range of the measure

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4
Q

Mean

A

average; sum of scores/amount of scores; measure of central tendency

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5
Q

Median

A

middle value in a data set; measure of central tendency

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6
Q

Mode

A

the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution; measure of central tendency

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7
Q

Range

A

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution; measure of variability

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8
Q

standard deviation

A

Standard number of units the values fall from the mean; measure of variability

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9
Q

Variance

A

It relates the average distance of any score in the distribution from the mean; measure of variability

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10
Q

normal curve (normal distribution)

A

a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. mean, median, and mode are equal

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11
Q

correlation coefficient

A

A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables. Direct and indirect, ranges for -1 to +1

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12
Q

z-score

A

the number of standard deviations a particular score is from the mean; mean is 0, SD is 1, typical values -3, 3

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13
Q

ratio

A

Assumption of absolute 0 - absence of trait.

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14
Q

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

A

4 levels of measurement from least specific to most specific

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15
Q

T or F: A test can be reliable, not valid.

A

True: a test can be reliable, but not valid. A test cannot be valid if it is not reliable.

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16
Q

T-score

A

Makes all numbers positive; standard score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10; typically falls between 20-80

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17
Q

test-retest reliability

A

using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency; used to test over time

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18
Q

parallel form reliability

A

examine the equivalence or similarity between two different forms of the same test; ex. memory tests, SAT, ACT

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19
Q

inter-item (internal consistency) reliability

A

items on a test are consistent with one another; ex. high on “I love dogs”, low on “I hate dogs”

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20
Q

Interrater Reliability (IRR)

A

a measure for the extent to which two or more raters of the same behavior or event are in agreement with what they observed

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21
Q

Cronbach’s coefficient alpha

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A

a measure of internal consistency that estimates the average correlation among all of the items on a scale

22
Q

Typical mean and SD for intelligence test

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A

Mean: 100; SD: 15

23
Q

content validity

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A

The degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it’s supposed to cover. (Spelling tests, ACT/SAT)

24
Q

construct validity

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A

the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring

25
criterion validity
whether a test reflects a set of abilities in current or future setting
26
concurrent validity
a form of criterion validity; used for achievement tests, certification, licensing
27
predictive validity
a form of criterion validity; used for entrance exams (GRE, GMAT)
28
central tendency error
error in which raters choose a middle point on the scale to describe performance, even though a more extreme point might better describe the employee
29
halo effect
tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client's behavior and statements
30
leniency error
error that occurs with raters who are unusually easy in their ratings
31
Conners 3
Age 6-18 behavior problem screening - mostly ADHD
32
aptitude test
a test designed to predict a person's future performance
33
Woodcock Johnson
achievement test
34
No Child Left Behind Act
Federal law enacted in January 2002 that introduced new accountability measures for elementary and secondary schools in all states that wish to receive federal aid.
35
Education of the Handicapped Act
(1986) established incentives for states to develop systems of coordinated family-centered care for infants with disabilities; further amended and retitled IDEA
36
FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act)
A federal law that regulates the management of student records and disclosure of information from those records. The Act has its own administrative enforcement mechanism.
37
Flynn effect
The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations
38
Self-referenced
compare the score to previous scores from that individual
39
Norm-referenced
compare students with other examinees and assign a percentile score
40
Criterion-referenced
compare the performance of an individual or group against a predetermined standard
41
aptitude tests
tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn; mechanical (ASVFAB), artistic (auditions), readiness, clerical
42
Norming
administering a test to a large population so data can be collected to reference the normal scores for a population and its groups
43
Standardizing
The conversion of observations from original values to standard deviation values. Used to compare observations from different distributions on a common scale.
44
68%, 95%, 99.7% Rule
1 SD, 2 SD, 3 SD (1SD avg)
45
Reliability
how consistent the results of a measure are
46
Validity
Extent to which meaningful inferences can be made from the results of a test; usefulness
47
Skewness
Created when more of the sample scores "high" or "low" than expected, "tail tells the tale"
48
Positive Skew
Most people scored low, but a few people scored high and "pulled" or "skewed" the curve positively. The mean is higher than the median.
49
Negative Skew
Most people scored high, but a few people scored low and "pulled" or "skewed" the curve negatively. The mean is lower than the median
50
Bias
Differences in test scores based on group membership rather than true variations in knowledge or skill being tested; discrimination
51
Fairness
Determines whether a test is appropriate for what it should be measuring

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