Untitled Deck Flashcards
(219 cards)
1
Q
What is the ‘boom’ in relation to the American economy?
A
The dynamic growth of the American economy in the decade after the First World War
This period saw rapid industrial growth and increased consumer spending.
2
Q
What was a significant result of increased production in the 1920s?
A
Prices came down, leading to increased purchases of household goods
Millions of fridges, cars, and nylon stockings were sold during this time.
3
Q
What impact did the boom have on the suburbs in America?
A
Many families bought new houses in the suburbs of rapidly growing cities.
4
Q
How did the boom affect leisure industries?
A
The music, radio, cinema industries, and even sports were booming.
5
Q
What role did banks play during the economic boom?
A
Banks invested in the stock market and lent money to ordinary Americans.
6
Q
What was the effect of government infrastructure investment during the boom?
A
More roads were built, and more homes were supplied with electricity and phone lines.
7
Q
What was a notable characteristic of the American economy before the boom?
A
The USA led the world in most areas of industry, including steel, coal, and textiles.
8
Q
What new technologies contributed to the economic boom?
A
Electricity and new industries such as chemicals and film.
9
Q
What was one economic effect of the First World War on American industry?
A
A boost in American industry due to one-way trade with the Allies.
10
Q
How did the war impact the American chemicals industry?
A
The USA outstripped Germany in chemical products by the end of the war.
11
Q
What significant development occurred in aircraft technology after the First World War?
A
Improvements in aircraft technology led to the establishment of civilian airlines.
12
Q
What economic policies were favored by the Republican Party from 1920 to 1932?
A
Laissez-faire, low taxation, protective tariffs, and support for powerful trusts.
13
Q
What does ‘laissez-faire’ mean in the context of Republican beliefs?
A
Government should interfere as little as possible in everyday lives.
14
Q
What was the purpose of protective tariffs during the 1920s?
A
To make imported goods expensive and protect American businesses.
15
Q
What was the significance of the Fordney–McCumber tariff?
A
It made imported food expensive in the USA.
16
Q
What was a key factor in the growth of consumer goods during the 1920s?
A
Mass production methods allowed for cheaper production of goods.
17
Q
Fill in the blank: The first moving assembly line was set up by _______.
A
Henry Ford
18
Q
How did the production of the Model T change in the 1920s?
A
Over 15 million were produced between 1908 and 1925.
19
Q
What percentage of US glass production was used by the automobile industry in the 1920s?
A
75 percent
20
Q
What was the ratio of cars to people in the USA compared to Britain and Russia?
A
One car to five people in the USA compared to one to 43 in Britain and one to 7000 in Russia.
21
Q
What new purchasing method emerged in the 1920s that allowed people to buy goods on credit?
A
Buy now, pay later hire purchase schemes.
22
Q
What was the role of chain stores in the 1920s economy?
A
They sold the same products all across the USA, expanding the market.
23
Q
How did consumer attitudes change during the 1920s?
A
Americans became more confident and began to spend more on consumer goods.
24
Q
What was the overall impact on American industry during the 1920s?
A
The output of American industry doubled.
25
True or False: The economic boom of the 1920s was solely due to the natural resources of the USA.
False
26
What was the total US farm income in 1919?
$22 billion
27
What was the total US farm income in 1928?
$13 billion
28
Name one reason for the decline in US farm income after World War I.
* Declining exports
* New competitors
* Over-production
* Falling prices
* Prohibition
29
How did declining exports affect US farmers?
Europe imported far less food from the USA due to poverty and US tariffs
30
Which countries posed competition to US farmers in the 1920s?
* Canada
* Argentina
31
What was a significant issue that led to over-production in farming?
Improved machinery and fertilizers increased farming efficiency
32
By 1920, what was the surplus produced by US agriculture?
Surpluses of wheat which nobody wanted
33
What happened to farm prices in 1921?
Most farm prices fell by 50 percent
34
What was the impact of Prohibition on farmers?
Demand for wheat and barley fell as the alcohol industry was affected
35
How many rural Americans were forced off the land in the 1920s?
Six million
36
Which demographic was particularly affected by job losses in farming?
African Americans
37
What did farming communities criticize during the 1920s?
The laissez-faire policies of the Republican Party
38
What was a major issue faced by the coal industry during the 1920s?
Over-production led to reduced prices and profits
39
What new power sources began to replace coal in the 1920s?
* Electricity
* Oil
40
What percentage of Americans lived below the poverty line during the 1920s?
42 percent
41
What was the unemployment rate at the peak of the boom in 1929?
Around 5 percent
42
What was Chicago known for in the 1920s?
It was the center of the steel, meat, and clothing industries
43
What percentage of semi-skilled workers in Chicago owned a car?
3 percent
44
How did poorer white industrial workers prefer to shop?
At local grocers for flexibility and credit
45
Fill in the blank: The boom of the 1920s was a _______ boom.
consumer-led
46
What is the term associated with entertainment and changing morality in the 1920s?
Roaring Twenties
47
How did working wages and hours change for most Americans during the 1920s?
Wages rose and hours fell
48
What industry grew significantly due to increased leisure time and money in the 1920s?
Entertainment industry
49
What was the radio's penetration in households by 1930 in poorer districts of Chicago?
One radio for every two to three households
50
How many licensed radio stations were there in America by the end of 1922?
508 licensed radio stations
51
What was the annual revenue of the NBC network by 1929?
$150 million a year
52
Which music genre became an obsession among young people in the 1920s?
Jazz music
53
What new dance became popular during the Jazz Age?
Charleston
54
What term describes a woman in the 1920s who wore short dresses and smoked in public?
Flapper
55
What was the perception of jazz music by the older generation?
Corrupting influence on youth
56
Which sport became a big money sport during the 1920s?
Baseball
57
Who were two legendary baseball stars of the 1920s?
* Babe Ruth
* Jack Dempsey
58
What major film industry developed in a suburb outside Los Angeles during the 1920s?
Hollywood
59
What significant advancement in film occurred in 1927?
The first 'talkie' was made
60
How many cinema tickets were sold weekly by the end of the 1920s?
One hundred million cinema tickets
61
What cultural shift regarding sex occurred in the 1920s?
Sex became a major concern in media and conversation
62
Who was one of the first cinema stars marketed based on sex appeal?
Theda Bara
63
What was the response of Hollywood to concerns about the portrayal of sex in films?
Censorship code was introduced
64
Fill in the blank: The first cinema star marketed as the 'It' girl was _______.
Clara Bow
65
What was a significant change in women's lives after World War I?
Increased participation in skilled factory work
66
What major political change occurred for women in 1920?
Women gained the right to vote
67
What did the car symbolize in the context of the 1920s?
Liberation and increased mobility
68
What was the percentage increase in women in jobs from 1920 to 1929?
24 percent increase
69
What was a common job for women in the 1920s?
Lower-paid jobs such as cleaning and secretarial work
70
What societal attitude was prevalent towards women who sought independence in the 1920s?
Strong conservative opposition
71
What was the Red Scare?
Fear of Bolshevism and radical ideas among immigrants
72
What event in 1919 contributed to fears of communist interference?
Wave of strikes and disturbances
73
What did the Children's Bureau study reveal about youth delinquency rates in the 1920s?
Delinquency rates were lower than in 1915
74
What was the reaction of many women to the liberation depicted in films?
Opposition and outrage
75
What was a major limitation for women despite gaining the vote?
Lack of political power and representation
76
What political beliefs did many immigrants in the USA hold during the early 20th century?
Radical political beliefs
## Footnote
This included beliefs associated with anarchism and communism.
77
What were the Palmer Raids?
A series of government actions targeting individuals with radical political beliefs
## Footnote
Primarily focused on immigrants, often based on flimsy evidence.
78
Who was J. Edgar Hoover?
A clerk appointed by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer
## Footnote
He built files on 60,000 suspects during the Palmer Raids.
79
How many individuals were informed they were to be deported during the Palmer Raids?
Around 10,000 individuals
## Footnote
This occurred between 1919 and 1920.
80
What event in April 1919 highlighted the fears of radicalism in the USA?
A bomb planted in a church in Milwaukee killed ten people
## Footnote
This was part of a series of bombings that occurred during this period.
81
What was the response of the public to the purges initiated by Palmer?
The purges were popular
## Footnote
Palmer used the fear of revolution to gain political support.
82
Which groups were accused of being communists during the Palmer Raids?
Trade unionists, African Americans, Jewish people, Catholics, and almost all minority groups
## Footnote
This broad accusation reflected the climate of fear and suspicion.
83
What prediction did Palmer make that led to his downfall?
He predicted a Red Revolution would begin in May 1920
## Footnote
When nothing happened, his credibility was severely undermined.
84
What did Secretary of Labor Louis Post find when he examined Palmer's case files?
Only 556 out of the thousands of cases had any basis in fact
## Footnote
This revelation contributed to the criticism of Palmer's actions.
85
Fill in the blank: Anarchists published pamphlets calling for the _______.
overthrow of the government
86
True or False: The evidence against those rounded up in the Palmer Raids was often substantial.
False
## Footnote
The evidence was frequently described as flimsy.
87
Who were the high-profile victims of the Red Scare?
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
## Footnote
They were Italian Americans arrested on suspicion of armed robbery and murder.
88
What ideology did Sacco and Vanzetti confess to adhering to?
Anarchism
## Footnote
Anarchists opposed the American system of government.
89
What was the main focus of the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti?
Their radical ideas rather than the murder charges
## Footnote
The trial became more about their beliefs than the actual crime.
90
What did the judge imply about Vanzetti's moral culpability?
He was morally culpable because he was an enemy of existing institutions
## Footnote
The judge believed that Vanzetti's beliefs justified his conviction.
91
What was the outcome for Sacco and Vanzetti after six years of appeals?
They were executed in 1927
## Footnote
Their trial faced international protest for being unjust.
92
What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 establish?
A quota system limiting immigration to 3% of a country's foreign-born population in the USA
## Footnote
This was in response to an influx of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe.
93
What was the purpose of the National Origins Act of 1924?
To limit total immigration to 150,000 per year and effectively ban Asian immigrants
## Footnote
It aimed to preserve US homogeneity by favoring White, Anglo-Saxon Protestants.
94
What type of violence did the Ku Klux Klan use against African Americans?
Intimidation through violence, including lynchings
## Footnote
The Klan was a white supremacy movement targeting various groups.
95
What prompted the revival of the Ku Klux Klan in the early 20th century?
The release of the film 'The Birth of a Nation' in 1915
## Footnote
The film glorified the Klan and was supported by prominent figures like President Wilson.
96
What were Jim Crow laws?
Discriminatory laws that enforced racial segregation in the South
## Footnote
They prevented African Americans from voting and accessing quality education and jobs.
97
What does the term 'Strange Fruit' refer to?
A poem about lynching written by Abel Meeropol
## Footnote
It was inspired by the lynching of African Americans and highlighted racial violence.
98
How many members did the Ku Klux Klan have by 1924?
4.5 million members
## Footnote
The Klan had significant political influence during this time.
99
What was the impact of the Harlem Renaissance?
It became a cultural center for African American artists and musicians
## Footnote
Harlem attracted attention and became a hub for creativity and expression.
100
What organization did W.E.B. DuBois help to found?
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
## Footnote
The NAACP campaigned against racial segregation and for civil rights.
101
Who was Marcus Garvey?
The founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
## Footnote
He promoted black pride and self-sufficiency among African Americans.
102
What major change occurred for Native Americans in 1924?
They were granted US citizenship and allowed to vote
## Footnote
This was a significant milestone in their struggle for rights.
103
What was the Merriam Report?
A report proposing improvements to the laws relating to Native Americans
## Footnote
It highlighted the extreme poverty and discrimination faced by Native Americans.
104
What was the Butler Act?
A law prohibiting the teaching of evolution in schools in Tennessee
## Footnote
This was part of the conflict between evolutionists and creationists during the Monkey Trial.
105
What was a common experience for African Americans in the North during the 1920s?
Better job opportunities and education compared to the South
## Footnote
Many moved to northern cities seeking improved living conditions.
106
What was the impact of the Great Migration?
A significant increase in the African American population in northern cities like Chicago and New York
## Footnote
This migration led to the growth of African American communities in urban areas.
107
What was the Monkey Trial?
A 1925 legal case that showcased the conflict between evolutionists and creationists.
108
Who were the main opposing figures in the Monkey Trial?
Clarence Darrow for the defense and William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution.
109
What was the Butler Act?
A law passed in Tennessee that prohibited teaching Darwin's theory of evolution in schools.
110
What organization promised to defend those who broke the Butler Act?
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU).
111
What was the outcome of the Monkey Trial?
John Scopes was convicted and fined $100, but the trial highlighted the censorship of free speech.
112
What was the temperance movement?
A social movement aimed at reducing or prohibiting alcohol consumption.
113
Name two major organizations involved in the temperance movement.
* Anti-Saloon League
* Women’s Christian Temperance Union
114
What was the Eighteenth Amendment?
An amendment to the US Constitution that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors.
115
When did Prohibition begin and end?
It began in January 1920 and ended in December 1933.
116
What was the Volstead Act?
The act that provided for the enforcement of Prohibition.
117
True or False: Prohibition completely eliminated alcohol consumption in the USA.
False.
118
What were bootleggers?
Individuals who supplied illegal alcohol during Prohibition.
119
How did Al Capone view Prohibition?
As a business that supplied public demand for alcohol.
120
What was a speakeasy?
An illegal bar that operated during Prohibition.
121
Fill in the blank: The phrase 'the real McCoy' refers to Captain _______.
McCoy.
122
What was one significant consequence of Prohibition?
The rise of organized crime and gangsters.
123
What event is often considered a turning point in the public perception of Prohibition?
The St Valentine’s Day Massacre.
124
What impact did the Great Depression have on Prohibition?
It provided economic arguments for its repeal, as legalizing alcohol could create jobs and raise tax revenue.
125
Who was the president that oversaw the repeal of Prohibition?
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
126
What was one of the main challenges to enforcing Prohibition?
Underfunding and lack of sufficient agents.
127
True or False: Prohibition was popular in urban areas.
False.
128
What was the common image associated with the Prohibition era?
Gangsters.
129
How many arrests did Prohibition agents Isadore Einstein and Moe Smith make?
4,392 arrests.
130
What was the main argument of supporters of Prohibition?
That alcohol led to social problems, such as family damage and lawlessness.
131
What economic condition made investment in the stock market attractive during the 1920s?
An economic boom in the American economy
## Footnote
The economy was doing well throughout the 1920s, leading to more share buyers than sellers.
132
How many share owners were there in America in 1920 compared to 1929?
4 million in 1920; 20 million in 1929
## Footnote
This increase occurred despite a population of 120 million.
133
What is speculation in the context of the stock market?
A form of gambling where investors buy shares intending to sell them quickly for profit
## Footnote
Speculators often borrowed money to buy shares.
134
What does 'buying on the margin' mean?
Putting down only a percentage of the cash needed to buy shares and borrowing the rest
## Footnote
In the 1920s, investors needed only to put down 10 percent.
135
Which group of investors became heavily involved in speculation during the 1920s?
Women
## Footnote
Women speculators owned over 50 percent of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
136
What was the total amount American banks lent for speculation in 1929?
$9 billion
## Footnote
This figure indicates the extent of bank involvement in speculation.
137
What was a vital ingredient for the rise in share prices during the 1920s?
Confidence
## Footnote
Confidence among investors led to more buyers than sellers.
138
What industry showed signs of downturn as early as 1926?
The construction industry
## Footnote
This was one of the leading signs of economic health.
139
What happened to the demand for consumer goods in 1929?
It began to decrease
## Footnote
Many consumers had already purchased goods, and the poor could not afford them.
140
What was the impact of tariffs on international trade during the Depression?
International trade drastically reduced
## Footnote
Trade fell from $10 billion in 1929 to $3 billion in 1932.
141
Fill in the blank: The stock market crash occurred on _______.
October 29, 1929
142
What was the immediate impact of the stock market crash on large speculators?
They were ruined
## Footnote
The rich lost significant amounts of their wealth.
143
What was President Hoover's response to the economic downturn after the crash?
He reassured the nation that prosperity was 'just around the corner'
## Footnote
This statement proved to be misleading.
144
How many banks failed in the United States in 1929?
659 banks
## Footnote
This number increased significantly in the following years.
145
What was the downward spiral effect of the banking crisis?
Less money for loans, leading to bankruptcies and layoffs
## Footnote
This further reduced consumer spending.
146
What was the unemployment rate in steel cities like Cleveland and Toledo in 1932?
50 percent in Cleveland; 80 percent in Toledo
## Footnote
These cities reflected high unemployment rates during the Depression.
147
What is a 'hooverville'?
A shanty town of ramshackle huts where migrants lived
## Footnote
Named after President Hoover, it symbolizes the struggles of the unemployed.
148
Fill in the blank: The Federal Farm Board used _______ to buy surplus grain and cotton.
$500,000
149
What was President Hoover's belief regarding government intervention during the Depression?
He opposed government welfare support
## Footnote
He believed charities and families should help the poor instead.
150
What did the Hawley-Smoot Act aim to do?
Put further tariffs on imported goods
## Footnote
This was intended to protect American business but led to retaliation from other countries.
151
What was one of the consequences of the economic policies enacted by Hoover?
Trade fell to many countries by almost 30 percent
## Footnote
This illustrates the negative impact of tariffs on international relations.
152
What was the overall effect of the Great Depression on farm prices?
Farm prices fell dramatically
## Footnote
Many farmers could not afford to take their goods to market.
153
What natural disaster compounded the problems faced by farmers in the Midwest?
The Dust Bowl
## Footnote
This was caused by over-farming and drought, leading to severe soil degradation.
154
What was the total farm income by the time of the Depression?
$5 billion
## Footnote
This figure reflects the drastic decline in farm income.
155
How did the Great Depression affect international trade?
It collapsed as other countries bought less American goods
## Footnote
Tariffs imposed by the US government exacerbated the situation.
156
What did A.N. Young, the President of the Farmers’ Union of Wisconsin, express about farmers in 1932?
Farmers were not conservative anymore due to economic distress.
## Footnote
Young's comments reflect the discontent among farmers during the Great Depression.
157
What event involved over 40,000 demonstrators in June 1932?
The Bonus Army marched on Washington demanding early payment of war bonuses.
## Footnote
This included over 17,000 World War I veterans.
158
Who was ordered by Hoover to handle the Bonus Army situation?
General Douglas MacArthur.
## Footnote
MacArthur's actions led to violence and the destruction of the camp.
159
What were the three main focuses of Roosevelt's New Deal?
* Recovery of the economy
* Relief for the unemployed
* Reform of the financial system
## Footnote
These focuses aimed to improve the lives of ordinary Americans.
160
How did Roosevelt's campaign contrast with Hoover's during the 1932 election?
Roosevelt was seen as proactive, while Hoover was criticized for inaction.
## Footnote
This inaction contributed to Hoover's unpopularity.
161
What was the outcome of the 1932 election?
Roosevelt won by 7 million votes, marking a significant defeat for the Republicans.
## Footnote
The Democrats gained a majority in Congress.
162
What was the 'Brains Trust' during Roosevelt's presidency?
A group of advisers who helped develop Roosevelt's policies.
## Footnote
They played a crucial role in the first hundred days of his administration.
163
What did Roosevelt emphasize in his inauguration speech on March 4, 1933?
The need for immediate action to address the economic crisis.
## Footnote
He famously stated that 'the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.'
164
What was the purpose of the Emergency Banking Act passed in 1933?
To stabilize the banking system by closing banks for inspection.
## Footnote
This act restored confidence, allowing trustworthy banks to reopen.
165
What did the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) aim to achieve?
To restore investor confidence in the stock market by regulating it.
## Footnote
This was a response to the reckless speculation that led to the 1929 Crash.
166
What was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) designed for?
To provide jobs for unemployed young men through environmental projects.
## Footnote
It helped around 2.5 million individuals.
167
What was the role of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)?
To create temporary work for the unemployed and assist those in need.
## Footnote
FERA created nearly 20 million jobs between 1933 and 1935.
168
Fill in the blank: The __________ aimed to reduce farm production to raise prices for agricultural products.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
## Footnote
The AAA also helped modernize farming methods.
169
What did the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) establish?
The Public Works Administration (PWA) and the National Recovery Administration (NRA).
## Footnote
These organizations aimed to create jobs and improve working conditions.
170
What was the total amount spent by the Public Works Administration (PWA) on job creation schemes?
$7 billion.
## Footnote
The PWA contributed to the construction of schools, roads, and hospitals.
171
True or False: The National Recovery Administration (NRA) aimed to outlaw child labor.
True.
## Footnote
The NRA also aimed to improve working conditions and wages.
172
What problem did the Tennessee River face during the wet season?
It would flood.
173
What physical problem affected the farming land around the Tennessee River?
The soil was eroding and turning the land into desert.
174
What was the primary social issue in the Tennessee Valley?
Many people lived in poverty.
175
What organization did Roosevelt establish to address the issues in the Tennessee Valley?
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).
176
How many dams did the TVA construct on the Tennessee River?
33 dams.
177
What was one of the significant outcomes of the TVA's work?
Irrigation of land and provision of electricity.
178
How many jobs were created as a result of the TVA?
Over 9000 jobs.
179
What was a negative consequence of the TVA's construction projects?
Displacement of nearly 15,000 families.
180
What was the purpose of Roosevelt's 'pump priming' strategy?
To stimulate the economy by injecting federal money.
181
What was the US government debt in 1933?
$22 billion.
182
What did the Wagner Act achieve?
It forced employers to allow trade unions and protect workers' rights.
183
Fill in the blank: The _______ provided state pensions for the elderly and unemployment insurance.
Social Security Act
184
Who proposed the 'Share Our Wealth' program?
Huey Long.
185
What did Dr. Francis Townsend advocate for?
A pension of $200 per month for people over 60.
186
What criticism did the New Deal face from business leaders?
It was too complicated and destroyed free enterprise.
187
What was Roosevelt's 'court-packing plan'?
To appoint six more Supreme Court judges sympathetic to the New Deal.
188
What was a significant outcome of the 1937 recession?
Unemployment spiraled upwards once more.
189
How did the New Deal impact confidence in government?
It restored faith in government.
190
What was one of the achievements of the Civil Works Administration?
Distributed $10 billion in schemes without corruption scandals.
191
Who were the main critics of the New Deal from within the government?
Huey Long, Dr. Francis Townsend, and Father Coughlin.
192
True or False: The New Deal was universally supported by all Americans.
False.
193
What did the Farm Security Administration do?
Provided loans to small farmers and improved living conditions for migrant workers.
194
What did the Works Progress Administration focus on?
Creating jobs for various workers, including artists and office workers.
195
Fill in the blank: The _______ was created to oversee disputes between trade unions and employers.
National Labour board
196
What was a result of Roosevelt's budget cuts in early 1937?
Increased unemployment.
197
Who distributed $10 billion in schemes and programmes during the New Deal?
Harold Hopkins
## Footnote
Harold Hopkins never earned more than his salary of $15,000.
198
What actions did Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes take to combat corruption?
Tapped the phones of his own employees
## Footnote
Ickes also campaigned against antisemitism and supported the cause of Native Americans.
199
What accusations were made against Roosevelt and his officials regarding their political stance?
Accused of being communists and undermining American values
## Footnote
Ickes and Hopkins were also accused of being antibusiness.
200
How did the New Deal affect local government?
Undermined local government
201
What did the NRA and Second New Deal do for labor unions?
Strengthened the position of labor unions
202
What was the Committee for Industrial Organisation (CIO)?
A union formed in 1935 that was large enough to bargain with big corporations
203
Which two corporations recognized the Union of Automobile Workers (UAW)?
General Motors and Ford
204
What was the general attitude of big businesses towards unions during the New Deal?
Unions were treated with suspicion by employers
205
What violent methods did companies use against strikes in the 1930s?
Brutal violence, employing thugs, or controlling local police forces
206
How many union members were there by the end of the 1930s?
Over 7 million
207
What impact did the New Deal have on job creation?
Created millions of jobs
208
What was one of the major achievements of the New Deal regarding the banking system?
Stabilised the American banking system
209
What was the effect of New Deal projects on the USA's infrastructure?
Provided valuable resources such as schools, roads, and power stations
210
What underlying issue did the New Deal fail to resolve?
Underlying economic problems
211
What happened to unemployment in the USA in 1941?
There were 6 million unemployed
212
How many African Americans gained benefits from New Deal agencies?
Around 200,000
213
What was a significant form of discrimination faced by African Americans in the New Deal?
Racial segregation in the CCC
214
What was Eleanor Roosevelt's role during the New Deal?
An important campaigner on social issues
215
Who was the Secretary of Labor during the New Deal?
Frances Perkins
216
What was the Indian Reorganisation Act 1934 aimed at?
Helping Native Americans to buy and improve land
217
What is a key factor in determining the success of the New Deal?
Deciding what Roosevelt was trying to achieve
218
True or False: The New Deal achieved a booming economy by 1940.
False
219
Fill in the blank: The New Deal _______ not solve the underlying economic problems.
did
