Untitled Deck Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are some examples of vicitimology?
murder, rape, spousal
abuse, elder abuse, child abuse, stalking,
kidnapping, and cyber crime.
What is incapacitation?
Behind Bars (Incarcerated)`
What is retribution?
Past examples: An eye for an eye, vigilante, revenge crime.
Current Examples: The purpose is still to punish the criminal like sentencing them to life in prison without parole
What is Mala in Se?
Refers to acts that are considered criminal in nature, such as murder and rape
What is vigilantism?
The act of taking the law into one’s own hands, involving unauthorized law enforcement activities by individuals without legal authority
What is the eighth amendment?
prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.
What is the Blue Code of Silence?
an informal and often unspoken rule among police officers in the United States not to report on misconduct or crimes committed by their colleagues
What is rehabilitation?
Less focused on punishing, more focused on implementing them back into society.
What are the two types of prison systems in the 1830’s
the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system. The Pennsylvania system, or “separate system,” emphasized solitary confinement where inmates spent most of their time in individual cells, while the Auburn system, or “congregate system,” allowed for inmates to work together in workshops during the day, returning to individual cells for sleep
What are hate crimes?
Crimes committed against a person based on race, religion, ethnicity, disability and sexual orientation or gender identity.
What is the History of Policing.
U.S policing is broken into 3 major categories: local, state and federal.
In the 12th century England appointed constables
The king appointed Shire-Reeves, they were paid and assigned to counties and runner up to Sheriffs
During the reign of Edward I the watch system was developed as a means of protecting property from fire and protecting the walls and gates of the cities
What is Racial Profiling?
“any police-initiated action that relies on the race, ethnicity, or national origin”. In which persons are stopped for
traffic violations by police who have
stereotyped them as more serious
law violators because of their race
or ethnicity.
In 2001, (DOJ) Department of Justice
released a study that reported that
African American motorists are more
likely than white motorists to be
stopped by the police, to be stopped
more than once in the same year, to be
given a ticket, to be handcuffed, to be
subjected to a search of a person and of
the vehicle, to be subjected to force,
and to be arrested.
What is Jurisdiction?
Refers to a court’s power to hear and decide a case. The power is given by the constitution or statute that created the court
What are the types of Jurisdictions?
Original Jurisdiction, Concurrent Jurisdiction, Exclusive Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
What is Double Jeopardy
The double jeopardy clause in the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution prohibits anyone from being prosecuted twice for the same crime.
Name types of Prosecutorial Misconduct
Overcharging, Withholding Evidence that would be favorable to the defense, referring to the defendant or defense attorneys in a hostile manner, Racism, Sexism.. ETC
Describe Opening Statements
After the jury is selected, attorneys may make opening statements. The prosecutor makes the first opening statement. The opening statement should be brief but long enough to present an adequate statement of the facts the prosecution expects to prove. The defense is entitled to follow the prosecution with an opening statement; the same rules apply. The opening statement should raise the jury’s interest to listen further, but not too long or dramatic
Describe Closing Statements
After the evidence has been presented, attorneys may offer closing statements. The closing is given first by the prosecution, then by the defense. Closing statements summarize the case and put all efforts to prove the evidence and facts to help win their case. Once the defense gives their closing statements, the prosecution can do a rebuttal. The prosecution must be careful with their closing arguments because they do want to be considered prejudicial or create prejudicial errors, because this can cause the judge to order a mistrial.
What are the 4 Sentencing Strategies?
Indeterminate, presumptive,
mandatory, determinate
Describe Determinate Sentencing
a system where a specific, fixed length of imprisonment is determined for a crime, with no possibility for parole or sentence modification by a parole board
Describe Indeterminate Sentencing
a type of criminal sentence where the length of imprisonment is not fixed, but rather defined by a range of years
Describe Presumptive Sentencing
a type of sentencing guideline that establishes a recommended sentence for a specific crime, assuming the defendant is a “typical” offender with no mitigating or aggravating factors
Consecutive vs Concurrent Sentences
concurrent sentencing means serving multiple prison sentences at the same time, while consecutive sentencing means serving one sentence after another
Female Inmates
Females and men occupied the same jails until the late 19th century. Due to sexual abuse and physical abuse, they segregated the prisons. Most institutions for women are more aesthetic and less secure. Most female inmates are considered low-security risks and not as violent as men. Women are more likely than men to be serving time for drug offense and to have used crack cocaine.
