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Untitled Deck Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What was the Age of Absolutism?

A

A period during the 1600s where European monarchs ruled absolutely without checks and balances.

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2
Q

What is divine right?

A

The belief that monarchs are chosen by God to rule.

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3
Q

Name three examples of absolute monarchs from the 1600s.

A
  • Peter the Great
  • Louis XIV
  • Catherine the Great
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4
Q

What is the significance of Louis XIV’s quote ‘I am the state’?

A

It reflects the idea of absolute power held by the monarch.

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5
Q

Who was Tokugawa in Japan?

A

A strict shogun who united but isolated Japan.

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6
Q

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A

A period in the 1600s marked by advances in science and astronomy using logic and reason.

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7
Q

Name two key figures of the Scientific Revolution.

A
  • Galileo
  • Isaac Newton
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8
Q

What is colonialism?

A

The establishment of colonies by European nations in the Americas starting in the 1500s.

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9
Q

What economic system was used to exploit colonies?

A

Mercantilism.

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10
Q

What dynasty was in power in India by 1750?

A

The Mughal Dynasty.

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11
Q

What was the outcome of Aurangzeb’s reign?

A

Religious disunity and costly wars weakened the treasury, leading to British takeover.

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12
Q

What characterized the Ottoman Empire from the 1500s to 1750?

A

It was a powerful empire but weakened by inefficiency and nationalism.

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13
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

A movement reacting against Absolutism, emphasizing reason and natural rights.

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14
Q

Who wrote ‘Two Treatises on Government’?

A

John Locke.

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15
Q

What does the Social Contract theory entail?

A

The agreement between the people and the government to ensure rights and freedoms.

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16
Q

What was the French Revolution?

A

A revolt against the absolute monarchy and the Estates System, leading to the Declaration of the Rights of Man.

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17
Q

What was the Estates System?

A

A social hierarchy in France where the third estate (commoners) was heavily taxed.

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18
Q

What was the role of Napoleon after the French Revolution?

A

He provided stability and success through the Napoleonic Code but eventually lost battles.

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19
Q

What is nationalism?

A

Pride in one’s country or culture and the desire for political independence.

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20
Q

Who unified Germany?

A

Otto von Bismarck.

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21
Q

Name two leaders of the Latin American revolutions.

A
  • Simon Bolivar
  • Jose de San Martin
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22
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

A period in the 1800s characterized by mass production and urbanization.

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23
Q

What economic system did the Industrial Revolution operate under?

A

Capitalism.

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24
Q

What was Karl Marx’s view on capitalism?

A

He believed it exploited workers and created inequality.

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25
What is imperialism?
The policy of a country taking over another country for economic gain.
26
What was the Berlin Conference?
A meeting where European powers divided Africa among themselves.
27
What triggered World War I?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
28
What does the acronym MAIN stand for in the context of WWI?
* Militarism * Alliances * Imperialism * Nationalism
29
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty that ended WWI and imposed harsh penalties on Germany.
30
What was the Bolshevik Revolution?
A communist revolution in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin.
31
What were the Nuremberg Trials?
Trials held to prosecute Nazi war criminals after WWII.
32
What was the Cold War?
A political conflict between the US and the USSR from 1945 to 1991.
33
What was Gandhi's method for achieving independence for India?
Non-violent civil disobedience.
34
What was the partition of India?
The division of India into East and West Pakistan due to religious differences.
35
What was the significance of the Iron Curtain?
It symbolized the division between the communist East and capitalist West during the Cold War.
36
What was the Cold War?
A conflict of political ideas and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, characterized by an arms race.
37
What initiated the Cold War?
The emergence of the US and USSR as super-powers after World War 2 and their desire for spheres of influence.
38
What was the Iron Curtain?
A metaphorical division in Europe separating the capitalist West from the communist East.
39
What was the Truman Doctrine?
A US policy aimed at containing communism by providing political, military, and economic assistance to countries resisting Soviet influence.
40
What did the USSR represent during the Cold War?
Communism, with no private property or free trade.
41
What major Cold War event occurred in the 1960s involving a blockade?
The Berlin Blockade.
42
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A 1962 confrontation between the US and the USSR over Soviet missiles deployed in Cuba.
43
What is detente?
A period of eased tensions between the US and USSR after the Cuban Missile Crisis.
44
What were the SALT talks?
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks aimed at limiting the arms race between the US and USSR.
45
Who was Joseph Stalin?
Totalitarian leader of the USSR known for purges, collective farming, and secret police.
46
What was Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward?
A five-year plan aimed at rapidly transforming China into a socialist society through industrialization and collectivization.
47
What was the significance of the Tiananmen Square Massacre?
A violent crackdown by the Chinese government on pro-democracy protesters in 1989.
48
What was the One Child Policy?
A population control policy implemented in China to limit families to one child.
49
What was the apartheid system in South Africa?
A legal system of racial segregation and discrimination against the non-white population.
50
Who was Nelson Mandela?
A leader in the anti-apartheid movement who became the first Black president of South Africa.
51
What was the Iranian Revolution of 1979?
The overthrow of Shah Reza Pahlavi and establishment of an Islamic Theocracy under Ayatollah Khomeini.
52
What does OPEC stand for?
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which influences oil prices and production.
53
What are juntas?
Military-style governments that ruled in Latin American countries like Nicaragua, Chile, and Argentina during the 1970s and 1980s.
54
What was the Green Revolution?
A period of agricultural transformation marked by the use of chemical fertilizers and new crop varieties to increase food production.
55
What is globalization?
The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, often associated with trade and cultural exchange.
56
What is NAFTA?
The North American Free Trade Agreement aimed at eliminating trade barriers between the US, Canada, and Mexico.
57
What is the IMF?
International Monetary Fund, which provides financial assistance and advice to member countries.
58
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a significant event in the Cold War that involved a confrontation over missiles in Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
59
True or False: The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1991.
True
60
What was the role of the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo?
A group of mothers and grandmothers in Argentina demanding to know the fate of their missing children.
61
What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa?
Led to demands for independence and civil wars over borders, resulting in long-lasting conflicts.
62
What are the Four Modernizations?
Deng Xiaoping's reforms aimed at modernizing agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology in China.

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