Untitled Deck Flashcards
(289 cards)
1
Q
Louis XVI
A
Became king at 19, absolute monarch with divine right belief.
2
Q
Absolute Monarch
A
Leader with complete power not bound by a constitution.
3
Q
Divine Right
A
Belief that a leader’s power is given by God.
4
Q
Debt Inheritance
A
Louis XVI inherited significant debt from predecessors.
5
Q
A
6
Q
Bankruptcy Causes
A
Wars, excessive royal spending, and a corrupt system led to French bankruptcy.
7
Q
Estates Division
A
Late 18th-century France divided into three social classes.
8
Q
First Estate
A
Clergy, 1% of population; paid no taxes
9
Q
Second Estate
A
(nobility) 2% of population, paid no/very little taxes
10
Q
Third Estate
A
97% of the population (the rest of France) They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes and the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges
11
Q
debt
A
Money owed
12
Q
Bankrupt
A
to be out of money; financially ruined; to “break the bank”
13
Q
Constitution
A
A written plan of government including its government and laws, etc.
14
Q
Revolution
A
a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.
15
Q
Enlightenment
A
A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.
16
Q
equality
A
the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
17
Q
What is the name for building up of the military
A
Militarism
18
Q
What is the name of the building up of the alliances
A
alliances
19
Q
What is the name stronger nations taking over weaker nations
A
Imperialism
20
Q
what is the name of intense pride in one own’s country
A
nationalism
21
Q
Germany, Ottoman Empire , and Austria Hungary
A
Triple Alliance
22
Q
Triple Entente
A
Great Britian, France, Russia
23
Q
What is the name of the prince that was assassinated
A
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
24
Q
What was the name the name of the assassin
A
Gavrilo Princip
25
What was the name of the terrorist group that planned the assassination
Black Hand
26
Blank Check
An unlimited amount of money
27
Mobilization
The act of getting ready for war.
28
Schlieffen Plan
The plan for Germany to fight a 2 front war.
29
Propaganda
The idea that the government controls the media
30
Gangrene
A condition found in the trenches where toes and fingers would fall off due to damp and wet conditions
31
Trench Warfare
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.
32
Airplanes at first were used for
Spying
33
World War 1 saw the introduction of _____________ into war
Chemical warfare, airplanes, tanks, machine guns
34
Zepplin
large gas-filled balloon, first used during the war by the Germans to drop bombs onto people.
35
Italy
Switched from the triple alliance to the triple entente during World War 1, were promised land if they had switched sides.
36
Cash and Carry Policy
America would sell weapons to both the triple alliance and the triple entente during WW1, America were to remain neutral and not fight in the war.
37
38
39
Total War
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
40
planned economies
an economic system directed by government agencies, governments run the economies now
41
Rationing
A limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use. Governments would ration supplies during the war effort.
42
Women during WW1
became nurses for soldiers at the front, took over men's jobs at home. This caused them to feel empowered because they proved that women could be equal to men
43
1917
Russian Revolution, Allies were being beat on the battle front, looked like Germany was going to win the war.
44
Entrance of the United States
Provided a psychological boost to the allied side
45
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting
46
Treaty of Versailles
treaty that ends ww1
47
Reperations
payments to cover war damages
48
Woodrow Wilson
President of United States during the war
49
14 points
Plan by Woodrow Wilson to achieve peace forever after WW1
50
League of Nations
1st ever world wide government
51
Fascism
A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule. Popular in Spain, Italy, and Germany in 1930s and 1940s
52
Nazi
Adolf Hitler became a member of this party in Germany;
53
54
Appeasement
giving countries what they want hoping they will stop
55
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan, which were allied before and during World War II.
56
Allied Powers
Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.
57
Erwin Rommel
The 'Dessert Fox', Field Marshal; Headed up German tank divisions in North Africa
58
Blitzkrieg
"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces 1st used against Poland in 1939. Innovative use of airplanes and tanks to overwhelm targets.
59
Poland
1st nation attacked by Germany (1939) Britain and France declared war, starting World War II
60
61
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II
62
63
Benito Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator during World War II
64
Joseph Stalin
Leader of Soviet Union during World War II; purged millions of people who opposed communism
65
66
The Battle of Britain
air campaign waged by the Luftwaffe against the United Kingdom during the summer and autumn of 1940.
67
Pearl Harbor
Base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan on December 7, 1941, which led to America to entering the war
68
Holocaust
the organized killing of European Jews and others by the Nazis during WWII
69
70
D-Day invasion
when hitler sent half his army to calais when the real invasion point was normandy
71
72
Normandy
Region in France where D-Day invasion took place
73
74
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII
75
Concentration Camps
prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.
76
Harry Truman
Became president when FDR died in 1945; public was largely unfamiliar with him
77
V-E Day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
78
Yalta Conference
meeting at which the Allies agreed to form a United Nations organization
79
Ethiopia
African nation invaded by fascist Italy in 1935 led by Halie Selassie
80
81
Atlantic Charter
Declaration of principles issued by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in August 1941
82
League of Nations
An international association formed after World War I with the goal of keeping peace among nations. US never joined.
83
Operation Barbarossa
Code name for plan used by Hitler to invade the Soviet Union in search of more living space. Broke the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact
84
Battle of Stalingrad
Unsuccessful German attack on Soviet city from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.
85
Neville Chamberlain
Prime Minister of Great Britain from -1940. Famous for appeasing Hitler at the Munich Conference; replaced by Churchill
86
Czechoslovakia
the country that Hitler took over---breaking the Munich Pact
87
Phony War
period after the collapse of Poland, until Hitler attacked Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium
88
Germany
Humiliation and hyperinflation after WW1 helped Hitler rise to power in this country
89
Radar
New technology that allows the Allies to detect incoming enemy aircraft
90
Mein Kampf
Influential book Written by Adolf Hitler describing his life and ideology.
91
Bernard Montgomery
British General who stopped the Germans at El Alemain
92
Munich Conference
a 1938 meeting of representatives from Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, at which Britain and France agreed to allow Nazi Germany to annex part of Czechoslovakia in return for Adolf Hitler's pledge to respect Czechoslovakia's new borders
93
Sudetenland
an area in western Czechoslovakia that was coveted by Hitler; comprised of German speaking people that once belonged to Germany
94
Soft Underbelly
Instead of the Allies invading Nazi-held France, they attacked the German's in North Africa and then Italy.
95
Lend-Lease Act
1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security
96
Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
97
Island Hopping Strategy
WWII strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan
98
Douglas MacArthur
American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.
99
Hideki Tojo
This general was premier of Japan during World War II while this man was dictator of the country. He gave his approval for the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a major role in Japan's military decisions until he resigned in 1944
100
Isoroku Yamamoto
Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 (1884-1943)
101
Baatan Death March
In 1942, the Japanese marched 70,000 Filipino and American soldiers 60 miles to a prison camp
102
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II.
103
Internment Camps
Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President.
104
Axis Powers (WWII)
Germany, Italy, Japan
105
Battle of Midway (1942)
In this battle the US destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers and ended Japanese offensive in the Pacific Theater; turning point
106
Manchuria
Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931
107
Operation Overlord
the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy on June 6, 1944; also known as D-Day
108
Executive Order 9066
FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in Internment Camps in the western interior of the country.
109
Sitzkrieg
"Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack
110
Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WWII. Remained emperor after WWII but just figure head not really in charge
111
V-J Day
"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945
112
Robert J. Oppenheimer
Scientist; his research led to the development of the atomic bomb.
113
Non-Aggression Pact
1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland
114
Final Solution
Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people
115
Battle of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
two great Japanese battles; Two successful battles fought and won by Allied forces in the Pacific.
116
Vichy France
Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France
117
Charles de Gaulle
French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)
118
Kamikaze
Japanese suicide pilots
119
Anschluss
Union of Austria and Germany
120
Anti-Semitism
Prejudice against Jews
121
genocide
Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group
122
Luftwaffe
German Air Force
123
Haavara Agreement (1933)
Agreement was designed to help facilitate the emigration of German Jews to Palestine.
124
crimes against humanity
a category of activities, made illegal at the Nuremberg war crime trials, condemning states that abuse human rights
125
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
As announced in 1940 by Japan's prime minister, the area extending from Manchuria to the Dutch East Indies in which Japan would expand its influence
126
Auschwitz-Birkenau
The largest and most notorious concentration, labor and death camp where 1.6 million died; located near Oswiecim, Poland.
127
Unit 731
infamous Japanese army unit that conducted medical experiments on the Chinese
128
UN Security Council
A 15-member panel which bears the UN's major responsibility for keeping international peace.
129
Postdam Conference
This is the conference where Stalin, Truman, and Churchill came together to decide how Germany would be administered. Their goals were to establish order, settle peace treaty issues, and deal with the effects of WWII.
130
Rome-Berlin Axis
the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler)
131
Arms Race (Cold War)
America and USSR competed for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons after dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
132
Causes of World War I
militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism
133
Triple Entente
Britain, France, and Russia
134
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria, and Italy
135
June 28th, 1914
assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand
136
Chain of Events that led to World War I
1) Assassination of Archduke
137
2) Austria-Hungary blaming Serbia (declaring war)
138
3) Russia declares war on Serbia
139
4) Germany supports Serbia, declaring War on Russia
140
5) Germany invades Belgium
141
Schlieffen Plan
Germany's plan to defeat France, then go fight Russia;
142
Effects of Trench Warfare
- massive stalemate/deadlock in war
143
- more sides started producing more deadly weapons to quicken process-- didn't change anything just that more people died)
144
Total War/Propaganda
putting everything into the war effort (total war), by doing this it led to more propaganda (propaganda is biased towards one side)
145
Lusitania
British passenger ship that was sunken by Germans, 128 Americans had died so this almost brought us into the war until Germany agreed to no longer sink ships
146
Zimmerman Note
Germany's proposal to Mexico to create an alliance and that if Mexico helped then they could have their land back. We found out, were angry, entered war.
147
Armenian Massacre
Ottoman Empire tried to attempt genocide on the Armenians-- 1 million and a 1/2 people died (half the population)
148
Importance of the 2nd Battle of the Marne
Was the turning point in the war- first time Allies were successful in breaking through Germany's trenches
149
Woodrow Wilson/Fourteen Points
American President during WWI, he adopted the 14 points that he believed is what were bring everlasting peace.
150
Treaty of Versailles/Impact
the agreement that offically ended WWI, mainly punishing Germany (war guilt laws (the blame), lost territory, reduced military, war reparations)
151
Communism, Fascism, and Nazism Similarites
- all 3 are totalitarian governments
152
- ruled by dictator
153
- controlled by one political party
154
- strong police & military
155
- scapegoats (blame others)
156
League of Nations/Overall Impact
League of Nations was an international organization created after WWI to maintain peace and organization throughout the world
157
Impact: didn't work, ineffective, big reason for WW2
158
Nuremberg Laws
Restrict the rights of the Jews (who they could marry, etc)
159
September 1st, 1939
Beginning of WW2 w/ Germany's invasion of Poland
160
Blitzkrieg
means 'lightning war' (German War Strategy)
161
purpose: to gain air superiority with the idea that you can do anything once you've gained the skys
162
Rescue at Dunkirk/Churchill's response to Axis Powers Gains
When the British rescued 338,000 soldiers at Dunkirk. They sailed ships across English channels and started picking them up.
163
Afterwards, Churchill gives speech how they never surrender which was the rallying cry for the British (Soon after, Germany starts bombing campaign)
164
Battle of Britain
Germany's bombing campaign on Britain
165
Radar
helped Britain warning on incoming aircraft- helped them win
166
Non-Aggression Pact
Non-Aggression Pact: included Soviet Union & Germany agreeing to not attack each other as well as invade Poland.
167
June 22, 1941
Day Germany invaded the Soviet Union, breaking the non-aggression pact
168
December 7, 1941
Pearl Harbor Attack from the Japanese
169
Reason for Pearl Harbor attack
Japan controlled the Pacific Ocean, so when we cut off the oil shipment to them, they attacked Pearl Harbor
170
D-Day
June 6, 1944 & was the Allied invasion from Britain into the beaches of France, to free France as well as open up a 3rd front against Germany
171
Final Solution
decision to exterminate Jewish population (+ all other inferior people)=concentration camps, etc
172
Atlantic Charter
document issues by Britain+US that laid out the goals of the war for the Allies for after the war
173
Yalta Conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin talking about what they were going to do w/ Germany once the war ended (when they decided to split Germany into different occupation zones and stuff)
174
United Nations
organization created to maintain peace- replaced League of Nations because it failed
175
Difference between US and USSR
US=democracy, USSR=communism
176
Characteristics of Command Economy
Soviet Union had a command economy, a government that made all the economic decisions, owned everything, ruined everything
177
Winston Churchill/Iron Curtain
Iron Curtain=invisible wall that seperated Communism and Democracy (east was communistic and west was democratic)
178
NATO/Warsaw Pact
alliance systems special nations created to protect the members from being attacked (if someone invaded one, they invaded them all)
179
Non-Aligned Nations
Third world nations that didn't choose sides, they wanted to remain neutral to preserve their independence (Leaders: India & Indonesia)
180
Marshall Plan
economic package that we gave to Western Europe
181
Truman Doctrine
US would help any nation that would reject communism (they'd be a friend)
182
Greece & Turkey were first 2
183
Deterrence/Nuclear Weapons
Deterrence means to prevent war
184
A strategy US and USSR used as deterrence was them building more and more nuclear weapons, so their equally destructable
185
Sputnik I
First space satellite sent unmanned into space (by USSR)
186
Berlin Wall/Impact/Symbol
It divided East and West Berlin to ensure that people from East Berlin wouldn't escape into West Berlin, this was an example of USSR repression
187
Containment/Examples
Containment was a goal of the US to stop the spreading of communism. (we stopped communism from being spread in Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan)
188
Domino Theory
If one nation fell to communism, surrounding nations would fall too
189
Cuban Missile Crisis
Started when Soviet Union placed missiles on a Cuban island-- close to US. This was the closest point of the Soviet Union and US going to war.
190
Mikhail Gorbachev/Perestroika and Glasnost Results
Perestroika was the economic reconstruction of USSR
191
Glasnost was the political openness that helped usher in the collapse of the Soviet Union
192
End of Cold War
In 1991 was the collapse of the Soviet Union
193
Qur'an
only book of Islam (sacred)
194
Differences between Shi'a and Sunni Muslims
when fighting over who should take over, Shi'a felt it should follow the bloodline, while Sunni believed the community should choose
195
Ottoman treatment of non-muslims
Ottoman allowed for religious tolerance, overall was just 'tolerant' over them
196
Importance of Constantinople/Istanbul
City that controlled trade between the Black and Mediterranean Seat + between the Middle East and Europe
197
Zionist Movement
the Jewish movement to gain a homeland in Palestine
198
Balfour Declaration
Britain (whom controlled Palestine) support of the Zionist Movement
199
Reaction to the 1947 United Nations plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish & Arab states/Results
Reaction: Palestine people did not at all like this plan and rejected it, leading to a war between them and the Jews (Israels)
200
Results: divided Palestine into 2 separate nations- Palestine & Israel
201
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
both groups had claimed the same land (religious claims, etc) so they both wanted it
202
1956 Suez Crisis
the conflict over the Suez canal, Britain controlled it- even though it was located in Egypt.
203
The leader of Egypt took control over it, so Britain went to war w/ Egypt to get it back
204
1967 Six-Day War
Israel nearly tripled in size from taking Golan Heights, West Bank, and the Sinar Peninsula
205
1973 Yom Kippur War
US supported Israel against Egypt, so Egypt then stopped selling oil to us which affected us economically
206
Which Arab nation was 1st to recognize Israel's right to exist?
Egypt
207
Kemal Ataturk and Reza Shah Pahlavi
KA=Turkey, RSP=Iran... they both wanted to modernize and bring indepence to their nations
208
Iranian Revolution of 1979/Impacts
Became once friend of the US to an enemy.
209
Led by: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
210
Iran became very strict+repressive (a theocratic government)
211
1991 Persian Gulf War
US and 90 other nations declared war on Iraq to protect Kuwait
212
Taj Mahal
constructed by Shar Jaahm as a tomb for his wife (was a great example of Islamic architecture)
213
Sepoy Mutiny/Impact
Sepoys=Indian Soldiers
214
There was a belief that a rifle they had been using was greased w/ animal fat which was against their religion, so they rebelled
215
Result: British Government took direct control over India
216
British Raj in India
1858-1947 Britain controlled India
217
Indian National Congress
During British Raj period, INC was formed (a nationalist organization with the goal to remove Britain rule)
218
Leaders: Gandhi & Nayroo
219
Amritsar Massacre
British soldiers killed around 400 non-violent Indian protesters (open-fired)
220
Significance: sparked the nationalist movement in India- convinced people that Britain needed to go
221
Mohandas Gandhi/ Civil Disobedience/ Examples
Gandhi was the spirtiual leader of India's Movement-- he practiced civil disobedience (resfusal to obey laws butin a nonviolent matter)
222
ex. making their own clothes, salt walk
223
Satyagraha/Ahimsa
The core beliefs of Gandhi
224
Ahimsa= nonviolence to all living things
225
Satyagraha= truthful, soul force that your actions should not bring harm on anyone else
226
Reasons for partition of India
Due to increased tension, Britain believed if they didn't split India then there would be a civil war.
227
Tensions between India and Pakistan
They have religious differences, issue over resources, both nations have nuclear capabilities
228
Rwanda Genocide
In 1954 the Hutu's attempted genocide on the Tutsi's-- nearly 1 million people died
229
Goal of Terrorism
instilling fear (striking fear into people) to convince people that their government can't protect them
230
D-Day:
When Hitler moves half his army to Calais when the real invasion point is Normandy (Biggest land event in warfare, millions of soldiers involved.)
231
Erwin Rommel:
German commander sent to Africa because Italy was doing a terrible job.
232
Renaissance:
rebirth of knowledge
233
Leonardo da Vinci:
famous Italian painter created the Mona Lisa (secular)
234
Michelangelo:
Famous artist created the statue of David (secular)
235
Martin Luther:
Created lutherism; first to break away from the church; 95 thesis (complaints about catholic church); all ideas become mass copied because of printing press.
236
Humanism:
when people try to solve human problems in nonreligious ways
237
Printing Press:
used to mass print books, papers, etc.
238
Indulgences:
number 1 complaint causing the church to corrupt. The church led the people to believe they could buy their way into heaven, poor people didn't think they could get into heaven.
239
Thomas Hobbes:
thinks people are evil so they need a strong government to control them.
240
John Locke:
thinks people are good and need lots of freedom.
241
Maximillian Robespierre:
The leader of the Yachaben party
242
Absolutism:
a system where a single ruler, usually a monarch or dictator, holds unlimited power without any checks or balances from other institutions.
243
First, Second, Third Estates:
First: catholic church owned 10% of land & didn't pay taxes. Second: Nobels; they owned 80% of land. Third: represent 97% of France; paid all taxes.
244
Estates-General Meeting:
fake democracy; all three estates vote on issues but 1st and 2nd vote together so they always win.
245
National Assembly:
when the 3rd estate formed own government; king gives them a little power.
246
National Convention:
an assembly that governed France
247
Jacobins:
a political group led by Maximilien Robespierre
248
Guillotine:
machine used to cut peoples heads off.
249
Reign of Terror:
Robespierre starts something called the committee of public safety: killed 50k people by chopping heads off.
250
Napoleonic Code:
1. Taxes lowered 2. Inefficiencies: got rid of fake government jobs. 3. Schools: lycee (very first public schools) 4. The government had budgets 5. Church and state: he emplients freedom of religion only Christianity.
251
Militarism:
the idea that a country has a standing army (military gets paid)
252
Triple Alliance:
Germany, Ottoman Empire, & Austria-Hungry Empire
253
Triple Entente:
France, Great Britain, & Russia
254
Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand:
Future king of the Austria-Hungry empire, gets assassinated
255
Central Powers:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
256
Allies:
France, Great Britain, Russia, and later the U.S
257
Trench Warfare:
a type of combat where opposing sides fight from dug-out trenches.
258
Lusitania:
British ocean liner sunk by a German boat during WW1
259
Wilson's Fourteen Points:
Woodrow Wilson's idea to end WW1
260
Treaty of Versailles:
treaty that ends WW1
261
League of Nations:
1st ever world wide government
262
Fascism:
extreme conservatism; based on ultra-nationalism; government rules through love.
263
Nazi Party:
political party in Germany who created and supported Nazism
264
Adolph Hitler:
fascist dictator of Germany; people wanted him
265
Mein Kampf:
book Hitler wrote; talking about what he wants.
266
Appeasement:
everyone gives the countries what they want hoping they will stop/.
267
Axis Powers:
the coalition of nations led by Germany, Italy, and Japan during WW2
268
Munich Conference:
when appeasement took place
269
Blitzkrieg:
lightning war (full out attack)
270
Battle of Britain:
aerial fight (dropping bombs on each other)
271
Operation Barbarossa:
Hitler's biggest mistake when he invades the Soviet Union.
272
Pearl Harbor:
U.S naval base in hawaii
273
Holocaust:
persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi and Hitler
274
Battle of the Bulge:
The last major battle of Europe in Europe
275
Manhattan Project:
a tip secret WW2 US government program that developed the world's first atomic bombs
276
Nuremberg Trials:
the first things the United Nations put Nazis on trial.
277
Consumerism:
the belief that buying and using goods and services is essential for individual well-being and economic prosperity.
278
Globalization:
the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and population
279
Free Trade:
international trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.
280
Persian Gulf War:
a conflict that began when Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, invaded Kuwait.
281
Environmental Impacts of Globalization:
increased greenhouse gas emissions, habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and pollution.
282
Arab-Israeli Conflict:
An ongoing political and military conflict primarily between the State of Israel and various Arab countries and Palestinian groups.
283
Terrorism:
a form of modern warfare; designed to make a country unstable.
284
September 11, 2001:
when two towers in new got hit by tersest
285
Osama bin Laden:
in charge of Al Qeada (responsible for 9/11)
286
Al-Qaeda:
The terrorist group responsible for 9/11; based in Afghanistan.
287
Afghanistan war:
war against Al Qaeda
288
Zimmermann note
a coded telegram sent by German Foreign Secretary Zimmermann the Germa coded telegram sent by German Foreign Secretary Zimmermann the German ambassador to Mexicoan ambassador to Mexico
289
OPEC:
: Oil Producing Exporting Countries; the group that sets gas prices; U.S not OPEC
