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Untitled Deck Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What is Mercantilism?

A

Economic policy focused on maximizing exports and accumulating wealth through colonies.

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2
Q

Define Middle Passage.

A

The brutal sea journey transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas.

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3
Q

What was Bacon’s Rebellion?

A

1676 revolt in Virginia by frontier settlers angry at Governor Berkeley’s policies.

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4
Q

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A

1739 slave uprising in South Carolina, one of the largest in the colonies.

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5
Q

List the main causes of the Civil War.

A
  • Slavery
  • States’ rights
  • Economic differences
  • Sectional tensions
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6
Q

What is Sectionalism?

A

Loyalty to one’s region (North vs. South) over the country as a whole.

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7
Q

What was the ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)?

A

Supreme Court ruling that declared slaves were property, not citizens.

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8
Q

Define Manifest Destiny.

A

Belief that the US was destined to expand westward across North America.

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9
Q

What happened during John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry?

A

1859 failed attempt to incite a slave rebellion; heightened tensions.

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10
Q

What was the Compromise of 1850?

A

Package of laws aimed at easing North-South tensions; included the Fugitive Slave Act.

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11
Q

What was the significance of the Election of 1860?

A

Lincoln’s election triggered Southern secession and the Civil War.

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12
Q

What factors affected the outcome of the Civil War?

A
  • Industrial advantage
  • Leadership
  • Troop morale
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13
Q

What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?

A

Agency to help former slaves with food, education, and legal aid.

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14
Q

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

A

Abolished slavery in the United States.

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15
Q

What rights did the 14th Amendment grant?

A

Granted citizenship to all born in the US and equal protection under the law.

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16
Q

What did the 15th Amendment ensure?

A

Gave African American men the right to vote.

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17
Q

What was the Military Reconstruction Act?

A

Divided the South into military districts to enforce Reconstruction laws.

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18
Q

What is the Ku Klux Klan?

A

White supremacist group that used terror to resist Reconstruction.

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19
Q

Define lynchings.

A

Extrajudicial killings, often targeting Black individuals, used to instill fear.

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20
Q

What were tactics of voting interference?

A

Tactics like literacy tests and poll taxes to suppress Black voting.

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21
Q

How successful was Reconstruction?

A

Mixed success: legal rights expanded but enforcement and equality were limited.

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22
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Peace treaty that punished Germany harshly after WWI.

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23
Q

What was the Failure of Collective Security?

A

League of Nations failed to prevent aggression due to lack of power and US absence.

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24
Q

What was the Great Depression?

A

1930s global economic crisis; led to instability and rise of totalitarian leaders.

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25
Define Fascism.
Authoritarian government valuing nationalism, militarism, and state over individual.
26
What is Nazism?
German fascism promoting Aryan supremacy and antisemitism.
27
How did Hitler rise to power?
Gained support by exploiting economic woes and promoting nationalism.
28
What was Lebensraum?
Hitler’s plan for territorial expansion in Eastern Europe.
29
What was the Anschluss?
Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938.
30
What is the Sudetenland?
Region of Czechoslovakia seized by Hitler; led to Munich Agreement.
31
What is Aryan Supremacy?
Nazi racial ideology promoting Germanic racial purity.
32
What was the Remilitarization of Rhineland?
Violation of Treaty of Versailles; boosted Hitler's confidence.
33
What was the Rome-Berlin Axis?
Alliance between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.
34
What was the Anti-Comintern Pact?
Germany-Japan pact against communism.
35
What triggered WWII in Europe?
Invasion of Poland (1939).
36
What was the Tripartite Pact?
Military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan (Axis Powers).
37
Define Appeasement.
Conceding to aggressors to avoid war; emboldened Hitler.
38
What drove Japanese militarism/nationalism?
Drove Japan’s imperial expansion in Asia.
39
What were Japan’s Expansionist Aims?
Japan’s takeover of Manchuria, China, and other regions.
40
What was the Bombing of Pearl Harbor?
Surprise Japanese attack on US base; led to US entering WWII.
41
What was the Blitz?
German bombing campaign targeting British cities.
42
Define Blitzkrieg.
Fast-moving German military tactic combining air and ground forces.
43
What was the Phoney War?
Early WWII phase with little combat after war was declared.
44
What happened at Dunkirk?
Massive Allied evacuation from France in 1940.
45
What was the Battle of Britain?
Aerial battle; Britain successfully defended against German invasion.
46
What was Operation Barbarossa?
Failed German invasion of the USSR in 1941.
47
What was the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?
Soviet victory; major turning point in Europe.
48
What was the Battle of Midway?
US naval victory; turning point in the Pacific.
49
What was the Battle of El Alamein?
Stopped Axis in North Africa.
50
What was Operation Overlord/D-Day?
1944 Allied invasion of Normandy; began liberation of Western Europe.
51
What was the Battle of Berlin?
Final battle in Europe; led to Hitler’s death and German surrender.
52
What was the Manhattan Project?
Secret US project to develop atomic bombs.
53
What was the Holocaust?
Nazi genocide of 17 million, including 6 million Jews.
54
What was Japanese Internment?
Forced relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII.
55
What was the Role of Women during WWII?
Women took over traditionally male jobs and served in the military.
56
What was the Yalta Conference?
1945 meeting to plan post-war Europe and UN formation.
57
What was the Potsdam Conference?
Final WWII meeting; demanded Japan’s surrender.
58
What did the Treaty of San Francisco accomplish?
Officially ended war with Japan.
59
What is the United Nations?
International organization for peace and cooperation, formed in 1945.
60
What are Salami Tactics?
Gradual Soviet control over Eastern Europe.
61
Define Iron Curtain.
Symbolic divide between communist East and democratic West.
62
What is Communism?
Government-controlled economy aiming for classless society.
63
What is Capitalism?
Free-market economy with private ownership and competition.
64
What was the Truman Doctrine?
US policy to support countries resisting communism.
65
What was the Marshall Plan?
US economic aid to rebuild Europe and resist communism.
66
What is Containment?
Strategy to stop the spread of communism.
67
Define Détente.
Period of relaxed US-Soviet tensions in the 1970s.
68
What were SALT I and II?
Treaties limiting nuclear arms between US and USSR.
69
What was the Helsinki Agreement?
Non-binding accord promoting East-West cooperation.
70
What is Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
Cold War doctrine of nuclear deterrence.
71
What does Glasnost mean?
Gorbachev’s policy of government transparency and free expression.
72
Define Perestroika.
Gorbachev’s economic reforms introducing limited capitalism.
73
Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
Soviet leader during Cuban Missile Crisis.
74
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
USSR leader who ended the Cold War.
75
Who was John F. Kennedy?
US president during Cuban Missile Crisis.
76
Who was Ronald Reagan?
US president who pushed for Cold War’s end.
77
Who was Fidel Castro?
Communist leader of Cuba during Cold War crises.
78
What was the Berlin Blockade/Airlift?
Soviet blockade countered by Allied airlift to West Berlin.
79
What was the Korean War?
1950–53 war between communist North and capitalist South Korea.
80
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
1962 nuclear standoff between US and USSR.
81
What was the Vietnam War?
US failed to stop communist takeover of South Vietnam.
82
What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
Allowed US to escalate military involvement in Vietnam.
83
What was the Tet Offensive?
Surprise North Vietnamese attacks; weakened US public support for the war.

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