Untitled Deck Flashcards
(39 cards)
What ethical framework is associated with Immanuel Kant?
Deontologism
Deontology emphasizes adherence to moral duties and principles.
What does deontology emphasize?
Duty or obligation
It asserts that moral rules are absolute and apply universally.
What are Categorical Imperatives?
Concise expressions of fundamental moral rules or principles
They guide ethical decision-making according to Kant.
What is the difference between Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives?
Hypothetical Imperative: Conditional; Categorical Imperative: Unconditional
Categorical Imperatives must be followed regardless of personal desires.
How can one determine a Categorical Imperative?
- Act as if your will is a universal law
- Never treat individuals as means to an end
- The Kingdom of Ends
These principles guide moral actions according to Kant.
What is the definition of duty according to Kant?
That which an individual ought to do
Duty is linked to moral obligation.
What are the two types of duty in Kant’s ethics?
- Perfect Duty
- Imperfect Duty
Perfect duties must always be observed, while imperfect duties are conditional.
What is the principle of inviolability of an individual in Rawl’s theory?
Every individual is inviolable and should not be used as a means for others’ good
This principle emphasizes the dignity and worth of each person.
What is the ‘Choose the lesser evil’ principle in Rawl’s views?
An act of injustice is tolerated if it avoids a greater injustice
This principle helps balance individual liberties with social justice.
What are the two components of the Two-Fold Principle of Justice?
- Equal Liberty Principle
- Equality of Opportunity
These principles ensure fairness and equal access to rights.
What are the four types of justice presented?
- Fairness
- Fidelity
- Respect for persons
- Beneficence
These types guide moral interactions in society.
What is the central view of Natural Law Ethics according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
Human beings have an innate ability to distinguish good from evil
This view emphasizes reason as the source of moral law.
What are the Five Basic Goods in Natural Law Ethics?
- Life
- Reproduction
- Education
- Worshipping God
- Law and order
These goods represent fundamental human needs and values.
What does the principle of double effect entail?
An action that has both a good and an evil effect can be morally permissible under certain conditions
Conditions include the good effect being intended and proportionate.
What is the Principle of Totality?
The right to remove or alter parts of the body only if it serves the overall well-being
This principle emphasizes the integrity of the whole body.
What does the precept ‘a good end does not justify an evil means’ mean?
One should not use immoral methods to achieve a good outcome
This principle is crucial in ethical decision-making.
What is the concept of Eudaimonia in ethics?
The highest good humans can strive for; a life well lived
It is a key concept in Aristotelian ethics.
What is the term ‘synderesis’ in Natural Law Ethics?
The inherent capacity to distinguish good from evil
This term describes an individual’s ethical intuition.
What is the principle of stewardship?
Declares that human life comes from God and no individual is the master of his/her own body
Humans are merely stewards or caretakers and must take care of themselves and maintain dignity.
What does the principle of inviolability of life state?
Life is God’s, inviolable and sacred; only God has complete control over life
Our duty is to care for life until God takes it back.
What are the twofold purposes of sexual union according to the principle of sexuality and procreation?
- The procreation & nurturing of children
- The expression of loving union and companionship
What is considered immoral under the principle of stewardship and inviolability of life?
Euthanasia in all forms and suicide
This principle emphasizes the sanctity of life.
What does the principle of sexuality and procreation consider morally wrong?
Abortion and the use of contraception
Who developed Ross’s ethics?
William D. Ross, a British scholar and moral philosopher
