Untitled Deck

Question 1

Which of the following is the most potent naturally occurring estrogen?

Answer 1

Estradiol

Question 2

What enzyme is responsible for the aromatization of ring A in estrogens?

Answer 2

Aromatase (CYP19)

Question 3

The steroidal nucleus “Estrane” contains how many carbon atoms?

Answer 3

18

Question 4

Which ring fusion pattern is most common in natural steroid hormones?

Answer 4

Trans/Trans/Trans

Question 5

The oral inactivity of estradiol is primarily due to what process?

Answer 5

Degradation of ring D and first-pass metabolism

Question 6

Estradiol exerts negative feedback directly on which pituitary hormone?

Answer 6

FSH

Question 7

Which estrogen is most abundant in urine?

Answer 7

Estriol

Question 8

The steroid class “Cholestane” contains how many carbon atoms?

Answer 8

27

Question 9

In natural hormones, the A/B ring fusion is typically _____?

Answer 9

Trans

Question 10

Which synthetic estrogen has a 17α-ethinyl group that prevents rapid oxidation?

Answer 10

Ethinyl estradiol

Question 11

The hormone with structure Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol is _____?

Answer 11

Estradiol

Question 12

Aromatization in estrogens occurs in which ring?

Answer 12

Ring A

Question 13

Why is mestranol used in oral contraceptives?

Answer 13

It is a prodrug of ethinyl estradiol

Question 14

The steroid “Pregnane” forms the base skeleton of which hormone class?

Answer 14

Progestins

Question 15

Name a depot (IM) estradiol ester formulation.

Answer 15

Estradiol benzoate

Question 16

CYP11A1 converts cholesterol into which immediate product?

Answer 16

Pregnenolone

Question 17

Which substituent increases oral bioavailability of estradiol?

Answer 17

Ethinyl group

Question 18

What structural feature of estrogens is essential for activity?

Answer 18

Aromatic ring A

Question 19

Which estrogen is formed predominantly by the placenta during pregnancy?

Answer 19

Estriol

Question 20

Reduction of the C17 keto group during metabolism yields which estrogen?

Answer 20

Estradiol

Question 21

Which estradiol ester has the longest IM duration of action?

Answer 21

Estradiol cypionate

Question 22

Which component of Premarin is derived from pregnant mares?

Answer 22

Equilin

Question 23

Estradiol benzoate is best described as what type of preparation?

Answer 23

Esterified depot formulation

Question 24

Using conjugated estrogens as sodium sulfate esters primarily serves to _____?

Answer 24

Attenuate estrogenic potency (reduce activity until hydrolyzed)

Question 25

Ethinyl estradiol assay commonly uses what analytical method?

Answer 25

Titration with NaOH after AgNO₃ addition

Question 26

Clomiphene’s anti-estrogenic effect is most prominent in which sites?

Answer 26

Uterus and hypothalamus

Question 27

Which geometric isomer of clomiphene is anti-estrogenic?

Answer 27

Trans (E)

Question 28

Name the non-steroidal estrogen used in prostate cancer therapy.

Answer 28

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Question 29

Diethylstilbestrol’s highest potency lies in which isomer?

Answer 29

Trans

Question 30

Fosfosterol was designed to act primarily as what?

Answer 30

A selective cancer-cell binder

Question 31

Dienestrol is administered by which route to treat vaginal atrophy?

Answer 31

Vaginal cream

Question 32

The primary endogenous source of estrone is _____?

Answer 32

Ovaries and adrenal glands

Question 33

What chemical feature distinguishes mestranol from ethinyl estradiol?

Answer 33

A methylated hydroxyl group

Question 34

Compared with its 17β-epimer, estradiol 17α is _____ potent.

Answer 34

Much less active

Question 35

Estriol is considered the _____ potent natural estrogen.

Answer 35

Least

Question 36

The steroid backbone “Androstane” contains how many carbons?

Answer 36

19

Question 37

Which SERM carries the lowest risk of uterine cancer?

Answer 37

Raloxifene

Question 38

Which estrogen possesses –OH groups at both C3 and C17β?

Answer 38

Estradiol

Question 39

What core structure is key for estrogen-receptor binding in many SERMs?

Answer 39

Triphenylethylene core

Question 40

In raloxifene, the terminal nitrogen is typically _____ to boost stability.

Answer 40

Incorporated into a ring (cyclic)

Question 41

Which estrogen is most abundant in serum but not the most potent?

Answer 41

Estrone

Question 42

What key difference makes fulvestrant unlike typical SERMs?

Answer 42

It triggers degradation of the estrogen receptor

Question 43

Fulvestrant’s anti-estrogenic action results from what mechanism?

Answer 43

Receptor dimerization inhibition and degradation

Question 44

The long lipophilic chain of fulvestrant is attached at which carbon?

Answer 44

C6

Question 45

Fulvestrant is primarily indicated for which condition?

Answer 45

Metastatic hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer

Question 46

Which enzyme converts androstenedione to estrone?

Answer 46

Aromatase (CYP19)

Question 47

Letrozole’s aromatase-inhibitory activity relies on which ring system?

Answer 47

Triazole ring

Question 48

CYP2D6 metabolizes which selective estrogen-receptor modulator?

Answer 48

Tamoxifen

Question 49

Endoxifen is the active metabolite derived from which parent drug?

Answer 49

Tamoxifen

Question 50

Before prescribing tamoxifen, genetic testing may be needed for what?

Answer 50

CYP2D6 polymorphism