Untitled Deck

Question 1

systemic thinking

Answer 1

studies how an individual or unit interacts with other organizations or systems. Systems thinking is useful in examining cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 2

upstream thinking

Answer 2

-focus on interventions that promote health or prevent illness, as opposed to medical treatment models that focus on care after an individual becomes ill.

Question 3

Nightingale’s environmental theory

Answer 3

-relationship between an individual’s environment and health
-health as a continuum
- preventive care

Question 4

Health belief model

Answer 4

predict or explain health behaviors
Assumes that preventive health actions are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease
Emphasizes change at the individual level
Describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on the following
Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of a disease
Modifying factors (demographics, knowledge level)
Cues to action (media campaigns, disease effect on family/friends, recommendations from health care professionals)
Perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking action

Question 5

milo’s framework model

Answer 5

change at the community level
Identifies relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
Theorizes that behavior changes within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change

Question 6

Pender’s HP model

Answer 6

-Does not consider health risk as a factor that provokes change
-individual actions to promote and protect health
-Personal factors (biological, psychological, sociocultural), behaviors, abilities, self-efficacy
-Feelings, benefits, barriers, and characteristics associated with the action
-Attitudes of others, and competing demands and preferences

Question 7

transtheoretical Model (TTM) or Stages of Change (SOC)

Answer 7

Precontemplation, where the individual is unaware of the need to change
Contemplation, where the individual considers change, and weighs the benefits with costs
Preparation, where the individual plans to take action
Action
Maintenance, where the individual implements actions to continue the behavior
Termination, when conscious efforts to continue the health behavior are no longer needed because the individual is consistent. Most clients never reach this point.

Question 8

Public Health Nursing (def)

Answer 8

population-focused and involves a combination of nursing knowledge with social and public health sciences. The goal of public health nursing is promoting health and preventing disease.

Question 9

Public Health nursing (3 core functions)

Answer 9

(1) Assessment
(2) Policy development
(3) Assurance

Question 10

Public Health Nursing (1-DEF)

Answer 10

ASSESSMENT: Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population

Question 11

Public Health Nursing (1-EX)

Answer 11

Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community.

Question 12

Public Health Nursing (2-DEF)

Answer 12

POLICY DEVELOPMENT: Developing laws and practices to promote the health of a population based on scientific evidence

Question 13

Public Health Nursing (2-EX)

Answer 13

Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
Enforce laws and regulations in a way that promotes equity, protects health, and ensures public safety.

Question 14

Public Health Nursing (3-DEF)

Answer 14

ASSURANCE: Making sure adequate health care personnel and services are accessible, especially to those who might not normally have them

Question 15

Public Health Nursing (3-EX)

Answer 15

Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.

Question 16

Community-Oriented (FOCUS OF CARE)

Answer 16

Aggregates, communities, populations (public health)

Can include at-risk or unserved individuals and families

Question 17

Community-Oriented (PRIMARY GOAL)

Answer 17

Health promotion and disease prevention

Question 18

Community-Oriented (NURSING ACTIVITIES

Answer 18

Usually indirect (program management)

Can include direct care of at-risk individuals and populations

Question 19

Community-Based (FOCUS OF CARE)

Answer 19

Individuals and families

Question 20

Community-Based (PRIMARY GOAL)

Answer 20

Management of acute or chronic conditions

Question 21

Community-Based (Nursing Activities)

Answer 21

Direct (one-on-one)

Illness care: Management of acute and chronic conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and “attend” (schools, camps, prisons)

Question 22

Population-health

Answer 22

assessing to determine needs, intervening to protect and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population

Question 23

Population health (specific population?)

Answer 23

(individuals at risk for hypertension, individuals who do not have health insurance, individuals who have a specific knowledge deficit).

Question 24

Population-health (model)

Answer 24

The Public Health Intervention Wheel

Question 25

Population-heath (responsibility)

Answer 25

Community partnership occurs when community members, agencies, and businesses actively participate in the processes of health promotion and disease prevention. The development of community partnerships is critical to the accomplishment of health promotion and disease prevention strategies.

Question 26

Population health (KEY PRINCIPLE)

Answer 26

Emphasize primary prevention. Work to achieve the greatest good for the largest number of individuals. Recognize that the client is a partner in health. Use resources wisely to promote the best outcomes.

Question 27

Community Health Principles

Answer 27

Ethics Advocacy Evidence-based practice Quality Professional collaboration and communication

Question 28

ETHICS

Answer 28

-preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency, trustworthiness, and advocacy. -protecting, promoting, preserving, and maintaining health, as well as preventing disease.

Question 29

ETHICS (CLIENT RIGHTS)

Answer 29

Client rights include the right to information disclosure, privacy, informed consent, information confidentiality, and participation in treatment decisions.

Question 30

APPLICATION OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (1)

Answer 30

Respect for autonomy Individuals select those actions that fulfill their goals. Situations: Respecting a client’s right to self-determination (making a decision not to pursue chemotherapy)

Question 31

APPLICATION OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (2)

Answer 31

Nonmaleficence No harm is done when applying standards of care. Situations: Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring and evaluating!outcomes

Question 32

APPLICATION OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (3)

Answer 32

Beneficence Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harms. Situations: Assessing costs, risks and benefits when planning interventions

Question 33

APPLICATION OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (4)

Answer 33

Distributive justice Fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on the needs and contributions of its members. Situations: Determining eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources

Question 34

ADVOCACY

Answer 34

-Clients are autonomous beings -Clients have the right to expect a nurse-client relationship that is based on trust, collaboration, and shared respect; related to health; and considerate of their thoughts and feelings. -Clients are responsible for their own health. -nurse’s responsibility to advocate for resources or services that meet the client’s health care needs. -Advocating for clients requires assertiveness, placing priority on the client’s values, and willingness to progress through the chain of command for resolution. -Nurses act as advocates for communities and populations through efforts to change health care systems and improve quality of life. (EX):Public health advocacy includes nurses working to promote access to clinics for individuals who live in rural communities.