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New Testament > Updated Midterm Cards > Flashcards

Updated Midterm Cards Flashcards

Crush the final

1
Q

which of the gospels has a sequel? how are the gospel and it’s sequel framed chronologically?

A

the gospel of luke ends w/ disciples in jerusalem, and the Acts begins with the 12 disciples in Jerusalem.

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2
Q

who wrote the gospel of luke

A

it was anonymously written and not a disciple of jesus. however, it is traditionally believed to be a physician and a companion of Paul

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3
Q

Luke’s Preface and Acts Preface

A

Both address Theophilis

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4
Q

ID “Since many of undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed on to us by those … most excellent Theophilus”

A

The preface of Luke, which many cite as evidence that the author was potentially a historian.

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5
Q

Who was Theophilus?

A

Possibly Luke’s patron, or it was as a general term for a religious person, i.e. “friend of God.”

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6
Q

Luke’s additions to mark imply that he might have thought

A

Mark was textually insufficient

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7
Q

When was Luke’s Acts initially published?

A

According to the two source hypothesis, Luke was published after Mark, so it’s most likely that it was published sometime around 75-100 CE. This was evidenced by the fact that Luke is referenced by the Christian teacher Marcion around approximately 140 C.E.

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8
Q

ID: “When you see jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know its desolation has come near … and Jerusalem will be trampled on by the gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.”

A

Gospel of Luke, includes an explicit reference to the Roman seige of Jerusalem, which reinforces its dating to 75 to 100 CE.

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9
Q

Describe Lukan themes

A
  • Emphasis on social justice and supporting/uplifting marginalized voices
  • Greater role of women
  • Christianity emerged from Judaism (and was not a new cult)
  • Jesus was innocent!
  • Jesus’ gospel was rejected by the Jewish population, with God transferring election to Gentiles
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10
Q

Compare and contrast the infancy narrative in matthew and luke

A

emergent themes appear
In matthew: magi, emphasis on joseph, king herod
In Luke: shepards, Mary and Elizabeth, Roman census

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11
Q

In Luke’s Gospel, judaism is referred to as

A

“The Way”. Luke’s Gospel is grounded in the Jewish roots of Christianity, while Luke’s sequel the Acts describes the progression of the Way from Jews to Gentiles

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12
Q

In Luke’s Jesus, he is a prophet ______ by his own people. How does this expand on Mark?

A

rejected, in contrast to Mark where he remains unrecognized “when they heard these things, all in the synagogue were filled with wrath”

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13
Q

How does Luke emphasize Jesus’ innocence?

A

Pilate actually advocates for Jesus’ behalf: “I find no basis for an accusation against this man”

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14
Q

ID: “then he entered the temple and began to drive out those who were selling things there….everyday he was teaching in the temple”

A
  • Luke, where we have evidence of of Jesus’ violence being toned down
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15
Q

How is the Lukan theme of care for the poor and marginalized evidenced by the text?

A

shepards; sacrifices doves, the beatitudes directly support the poor

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16
Q

in what gospel do the disciples abandon Jesus and do not witness his ressurection

A

Mark (which makes sense, because the disciples in Mark never understand what is going on around them)

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17
Q

in what gospel does a risen Jesus meet with his disciples and sends them to convert all to gentiles?

A

Matthew

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18
Q

in what gospel does Jesus command his disciples to stay in Jerusalem?

A

Luke, narrative bridge to the acts

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19
Q

apology

A

reasoned explanation and justification of beliefs and practices theme in luke

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20
Q

markan priority

A

the view that mark was the first of the synoptic gospels to be written and was one of the sources written by Matthew and Luke

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21
Q

Q

A

source theorized to be used by both Matthew and Luke for the stories they share, principally sayings that are not found in Mark

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22
Q

what are our “criteria” for authenticity of a source

A

1) multiple independent attestation
2) embarrassment (dissimilarity)

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23
Q

define multiple independent attestation

A

if multiple people who didn’t have contact with eachother all report the same story, it is more likely to be authentic

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24
Q

what are we able to learn from multiple, independent attestation?

A

Jesus was born by a jewish mother, he had brothers, he was baptized by John the baptist, he had 12 disciples, he taught in parables, prohibited divorce, performed healing & exorcisms, caused disturbance in the temple, instituted the lord’s supper, and was crucified

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25
Q

define dissimilarity in the context of the new testament and provide examples

A

the principle indicates that if it’s embarassing to early christians it’s more likely to be authentic
- baptized by John the baptist
- crucifixtion

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26
Q

Describe the two predominant schools of thoughts surrounding the Gospel of Jesus

A

1) the social gospel of Jesus –> Jesus preached a gospel with socially oriented principles. these people don’t believe that Jesus was a messianic figure, and that this was an artifact of rounding in Jewish people and doesn’t represent much more than that
2) the apocalyptic Jesus –> Jesus was an apocalyptic prophet who warned about incoming apocalypse, albert schweitzer argued that the historical jesus does not matter much –> the modern living Jesus is important

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27
Q

Describe John Dominic Crossan and the Jesus Seminar

A

John Dominic Crossan is a historian who argues that Jesus was effectively a marxist. The Jesus seminar was a meeting that occured between 1985 and the 1990s, in which selected fellows casted ballots on their relevance in determining who Jesus was. It was dominated by a liberal audience, where red = jesus definitely said it, black, Jesus definitely did not.

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28
Q

what is imminent eschatology

A

theological concept: the end times, or culmination of human history will occur soon

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29
Q

Describe Jesus’ sect in relation to imminent eschatology

A

Believed in it, new family, celibacy (for some).

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30
Q

what does sola scriptura mean

A

that Scripture alone is authoritative for the faith and practice of the Christian

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31
Q

who wrote the gospel according to mark?

A

it is anonymous. however, mark was a disciple of peter according to church tradition.

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32
Q

when was the gospel of mark written

A

likely during the Judean revolt, 66-73

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33
Q

Outline the literary structure of Mark in regards to location and associated theme

A

Galilee –> Jerusalem –> Galilee
Galilee is associated with Power, Jerusalem is associated with suffering

34
Q

In what chapters of Mark does he undergo both suffering and provide a _____ prediction

A

Chapters 8-10, he provides a triple prediction

35
Q

Characterize the triple prediction section of mark, and the pattern each of these sections follow

A

Jesus predicts his death 3x:
The messiah must suffer, but he will be resurrected on the third day
1) prediction of passion
2) misunderstanding by disciples
3) teaching about discipleship

36
Q

ID: “And he began to teach them that it was necessary that
the Son of Man suffer many things and be condemned by the
elders and the high priests and scribes and be killed and after three
days rise. And he spoke the word openly. And taking Jesus aside Peter began to rebuke
him. But turning and seeing his disciples he rebuked Peter and
said, “Get behind me, Satan, for you do not have your mind on
divine matters but on human ones! And summoning the crowd and his disciples he said
to them, “If anyone wants to follow behind me, let him deny
himself and pick up his cross and follow me. For those who want
to save their life will lose it”

A

first prediction, gospel of Mark

37
Q

ID: “Jesus taught his disciples and said to them, “The
Son of Man is betrayed into the hands of men, and they will kill
him, and after he is killed he will arise after three days. But they did not understand the comment
and were afraid to ask him about it. And they came to
Capernaum, and when they were inside the house he asked
them, “What were you discussing on the road?” They were
silent, for on the road they had argued with one another over
who was the greatest. And sitting down he called the twelve and said to
them, “If anyone wishes to be first, let him be last of all and
servant of all.

A

second prediction, gospel of Mark

38
Q

Does Mark’s Jesus want to be known

A

No - he is distinctively secretive

39
Q

Give two explanations for Mark’s messianic secret

A

1) A political explanation: Jesus didn’t want to attract attention to himself out of fear of retaliation
2) Theological explanation: Mark wants his Messiah to be known for suffering, not miracles and power

40
Q

Explain “markan irony”

A
  • Jesus is secretive to outsiders, but they are the ones who best understand him
    -Jesus is open to insiders (disciples), but they misunderstand him
41
Q

What is a literary inclusio

A

Describes when the outer story comments on the inner story
- Jesus heals the first blind man gradually, in stages, just as he leads the disciples to understand his messianic identity gradually (via the triple prediction chapters)
- But even after the triple prediction, his disciples need further “healing” as they still don’t truly understand

42
Q

How does the Book of Mark characterize Peter

A
  • Peter is enthusiastic when first called… but continues to misunderstand who Jesus really is … then denies and abandons him
43
Q

ID: “And Jesus emitted a loud cry
and expired. And the veil of
the Temple was split in two
from top to bottom. And when
the centurion standing
opposite him saw that in this
way he had expired he said,
“Truly this man was son of
God!”

A

Mark - markan irony

44
Q

ID: [The youth] said to [the women disciples], “Go and tell his disciples
and Peter that he is going ahead of them to Galilee and there they will see him,
just as he told you.” And they fled from the tomb. For great fear and trembling
seized them, and they said nothing to anyone. For they were afraid.

A

Mark

45
Q

Contextualize the misunderstood messiah in Mark

A

Popular expectation at the time would have been that the messiah is expected to be a powerful savior

46
Q

Does Mark’s narrative start with a virgin birth?

A

No

47
Q

Mark’s special emphasis was that Jesus was the _____ Messiah

A

Suffering!

48
Q

Mark challenges or supports the notion of a Davidic messiah

A

Challenges - brings up that whole passage about David acknowledging that God is his superior

49
Q

where does the beginning of salvation of the jews occur in Luke

A

The Temple in Jerusalem

50
Q

describe the relationship of the synoptic gospels to gentiles

A

matthew was likely jewish, and wrote for a mixed audience. luke is particularly concerned with gentiles. mark may have been a gentile.

51
Q

genre criticism

A

method used to study a literary text by asking how its genre text functioned in its historical context and by exploring, then historical meaning in light of literary characteristics

52
Q

redaction criticism

A

study of how authors modified or edited (i.e., redacted) their sources in view of their own interests or concerns

53
Q

who was the most likely author of the gospel of mark?

A

a greek speaking christian, probably living outside of palestine, who had heard numerous accounts about Jesus before writing his own.

54
Q

who wrote the gospel of John?

A

it was anonymous, according to the text itself. however, according to church tradition, it was written by John the son of Zebedee (one of Jesus’ 12 disciples)

55
Q

which gospel contains “literary seams” and what are the implications of the seams

A

the gospel of john; these seams indicate that the gospel may have had multiple editors over time.
one author: chapters 1-14, 18-20
second author: chapters 15-17
third author: chapter 21

56
Q

ID: Now Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples,
which are not written in this book. But these are written so that you may
come to believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, and that
through believing you may have life in his name.
…
After these things Jesus showed himself again to the disciples by
the Sea of Tiberias… Gathered there were Simon Peter, Thomas the
twin, Nathanael …, Philip, the sons of Zebedee, and two other
disciples… 7 That disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter “

A

Gospel of John, where the change in story setting seems to indicate that the Gospel of John was added later

57
Q

In which gospel is the “beloved disciple” referenced

A

Gospel of John

58
Q

ID: “I will no longer speak with you at length, for the Ruler of the world is
coming. He has no power over me, but in order that the world might know
that I love the Father, I will do just as the Father has commanded me. Rise,
let’s go from here.
…
I am the true vine and my Father is the vine-grower. Every branch on
me that does not bear fruit he will lop off, and every one that bears fruit he
will prune back so that it might bear more fruit…” [Jesus continues
speaking for 3 more chapters.]
…
When Jesus had spoken these things, he went out with his disciples”

A

Gospel of John, possible literary seam at 15:1

59
Q

by historical criticism, we can conclude that the author of the gospel of john

A

may have been a jew who was excommunicated from his own church

60
Q

characterize the literary structure of john

A
  • logos hymn
  • seven signs (miracles)
  • 7th sign/rising of lazarus
  • last supper, farewell discourse
  • son of man lifted up (i.e. crucifixtion)
61
Q

ID: In the beginning was the logos,
And the logos was with the God (ho theos),
And the logos was (a) god (theos) [or “was divine”].
This one was with the God (ho theos) in the beginning.
Everything came into being through him,
And apart from him not one thing came into being.
That which has come into being in him is life,
And life was the light of human beings.
And the light shines in the darkness,
And darkness did not seize it.
John’s Logos Theology”

A

Gospel of John

62
Q

Compare the christology of the gospels

A

John (highest christology)
Luke
Matthew
Mark (lowest christology)

63
Q

Compared to the synoptic gospels, John does or does not include parables

A

The gospel of John does not include parables!

64
Q

who was the gospel of John written for?

A

gentiles, includes a lot of cultural explanations

65
Q

ID: (references to John the Baptist)
“A man came into being, sent by God, his name was John. 7 This one came as a
witness, so that he might witness about the light, so that everyone might believe
through him. 8 That man was not the light, but (he came) so that he might witness
about the light.”
“John witnessed about him and cried out saying, “This is the
one about whom I said, ‘He who comes after me came into
being before me, because he was prior to me.”

A

gospel of John

66
Q

“I am” sayings are most commonly found in

A

the gospel of John

67
Q

describe major themes in the gospel of John

A
  • Jesus has miraculous signs that prove he is the messiah
  • Jesus’ coming “hour” is his crucifixtion
68
Q

in which gospel is jesus referred to as the “lamb of God”

A

John

69
Q

compare the crucifixion timings of the gospel of mark and the gospel of john

A

in mark, crucifixion occurs the morning after passover
in john, jesus is the passover sacrifice

70
Q

how does the Gospel of John compare peter to the “beloved disciple”

A

the beloved disciple often comes out on top!

71
Q

the concept of wisdom began with a reference to a ______, this changed in scripture such that it was represented by a _______

A

Female form, male form

72
Q

define triple tradition

A

content shared by the synoptic gospels (matthew, mark, luke)

73
Q

define double tradition

A

content only shared by luke and matthew

74
Q

describe St. Augustine’s hypothesis for the synoptic problem (5th century)

A

Mark followed Matthew (epitomized), Luke drew from Matthew and Mark

75
Q

describe Johann Griesbach’s hypothesis (1789)

A

same as saint augustine’s hypothesis, except Luke and Mark are switched

Matthew –> Luke
Matthew and Luke —> Mark

76
Q

Describe the 2 source hypothesis

A

Mark came first, then Matthew and Luke both drew from mark and another, separate source (di quelle)

77
Q

define Q

A

the missing source (we don’t know what this was)
Theories indicate that this might have been a missing sayings gospel from Matthew?

78
Q

Explain the Austin Ferrer Hypothesis 1950s. What are it’s purported benefits?

A

Mark came first, then matthew, then Luke drew from Mark and Matthew.
1. Maintains Markan priority
2. No need to assume a lost source (Q)
3. Solves the problem of “minor agreements”

79
Q

Explain “minor agreements”

A

In the places where Matthew and Luke both differ from Mark, they have similarities that are hard to explain if one wasn’t copied from another.

80
Q

What explanation does the 2 source hypothesis provide for minor agreements?

A
  1. Some revisions occured naturally
  2. Matt and Luke improved Mark’s greek in some way
  3. Matt and Luke followed Q where Q and Mark might have overlapped (rare/methodologically unsound)
  4. Scribes sometimes created minor agreements when they edited texts
81
Q

ID: “Blessed are
you, Simon Bar-Jona! For flesh and blood
has not revealed this to you, but my Father
who is in heaven. And I tell you, you are
Peter (petros), and on this rock (petra) I
will build my church, and the powers of
death shall not prevail against it. I will
give you the keys of the kingdom of
heaven, and whatever you bind on earth
shall be bound in heaven, and whatever
you loose on earth shall be loosed in
heaven.”

A

Gospel of Matthew

New Testament (5 decks)

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