Updated Organic Synthesis Flashcards by Yara ...

Q

alkene to polyalkene

A

High pressure
Catalyst

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Q

Alkene to dihaloalkane

A

Br2 / Cl2
RT

Electrophilic addition

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Q

Dihaloalkane to diol

A

KOH (aq)
Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

HBr / HCl
RT

Electrophilic addition

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Q

Haloalkane to alkene

A

KOH (alcoholic)
Heat under reflux

Elimination

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Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Br2 / Cl2
UV light

Free radical substitution

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Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

H2SO4 = Electrophilic addition
Warm hydrolysis (+H2O)

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Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Conc H2SO4 / Conc H3PO4
Acid catalyst

Elimination / dehydration

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Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

KOH (aq)
Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

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Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

A

Primary alcohol
K2Cr2O7 (H+)
Heat and distill

Partial oxidation

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Q

Aldehyde to alcohol

A

NaBH4

Reduction
Nucleophilic addition

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Q

Alcohol to ketone

A

Secondary alcohol
K2Cr2O7 (H+)
Heat

Oxidation

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Q

Ketone to alcohol

A

NaBH4

Reduction
Nucleophilic addition

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Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Carboxylic acid + H2SO4
Heat

Esterification

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Q

Aldehyde / ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

KCN + H2SO4

Nucleophilic addition

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Q

Aldehyde to carboxylic acid

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A

K2Cr2O7 (H+) - oxidising agent
Heat under reflux (+excess)

Oxidation

Q

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

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A

K2Cr2O7 (H+)
Heat under reflux

Oxidation

Q

Carboxylic acid to ester

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A

Alcohol + H2SO4
Heat

Esterification

Q

Acylchloride / acid anhydride to carboxylic acid

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A

H2O
RT

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

Acylchloride / acid anhydride to ester

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A

Alcohol
RT

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

Acylchloride / acid anhydride to secondary amide

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A

Primary amide
RT

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

Acylchloride / acid anhydride to primary amide

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A

NH3
RT

Nucleophilic addition elimination

Q

Haloalkane to nitrile

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A

KCN (ethanol)
Heat under reflux

Nucleophilic substitution

Q

Haloalkane to primary amine

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A

NH3 (alcoholic)
Heat under pressure

Nucleophilic substitution

Nitrile to primary amine

LiALH4 (in ether) Reduction

Primary amine to secondary amide

Acyl chloride RT Nucleophilic addition elimination

Primary amine to secondary/teirtary/quaternary amine

Haloalkane Nucleophilic substitution