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MSK Anatomy > upper arm (not incl elbow) > Flashcards

upper arm (not incl elbow) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the axilla

A

area which lies underneath glenohumeral joint, at junction of upper limb and thorax
it is a pyramidal space that provides passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from upper limb

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2
Q

border of axilla: apex (aka axillary inlet)

A

lateral border of first rib, superior border of scapula and posterior border clavicle

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3
Q

border of axila: lateral wall

A

intertubercular groove of humerus

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4
Q

border of axilla: medial wall

A

serratus anterior and thoracic wall (ribs + intercostal muscles)

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5
Q

border of axilla: anterior wall

A

pectoralis major + minor, and subclavious muscles

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6
Q

border of axilla: posterior wall

A

subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi

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7
Q

contents of axilla

A 
axillary artery 
axillary vein (+ tributaries) 
brachial plexus 
axillary lymph nodes 
biceps brachii (short head) 
corachobrachialis
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8
Q

when does subclavian artery become axillary artery

A

as it crosses lateral border of first rib

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9
Q

when does axillary artery become brachial artery

A

after passing lower margin of teres major

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10
Q

3 parts of axillary artery

A

one medial to pectoralis minor
one posterior to pectoralis minor
one lateral to pectoralis minor

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11
Q

what parts of axillary artery travel in axilla

A

medial + posterior

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12
Q

how is brachial plexus divided into 5 parts

A

roots, trunks, divisions, cords and branches

read that damn cadaver book

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13
Q

brachial plexus: roots

A

anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-T1

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14
Q

brachial plexus: trunks

A

superior: C5 + C6
middle: C7
inferior: C8 + T1

the trunks travel laterally, crossing the posterior triangle of the neck

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15
Q

brachial plexus: divisions

A

each trunk divides into 2 branches within the posterior triangle of the neck
one division moves anterior and other posterior –> anterior and posterior divisions

we now have 3 anterior and 3 posterior nerve fibres which leave posterior triangle and pass into axilla
they recombine into the cords

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16
Q

brachial plexus: cords

A

lateral cord: anterior division superior trunk + anterior division middle trunk
posterior cord: posterior divisions of superior, middle and inferior trunks
medial cord: anterior division of inferior trunk

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17
Q

major branches of brachial plexus

A 
musculocutaneous nerve 
axillary nerve 
median nerve 
radial nerve 
ulnar nerve
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18
Q

from which spinal nerves and cord does musculocutaneous nerve originate

A

lateral cord

C5, 6, 7

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19
Q

from which spinal nerves and cord does axillary nerve originate

A

posterior cord

C5, 6

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20
Q

from which spinal nerves and cord does median nerve originate

A

lateral and medial cords

C6-T1

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21
Q

from which spinal nerves and cord does radial nerve originate

A

posterior cord

C5-T1

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22
Q

from which spinal nerves and cord does ulnar nerve originate

A

medial cord

C8 + T1

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23
Q

what are the 5 main arteries of upper limb

A 
subclavian a
axillary a 
brachial a 
radial a 
ulnar a
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24
Q

where do radial and ulnar arteries originate

A

bifurcation of the brachial artery within the cubital fossa

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25
median cubital vein
communicating vein which shunts blood from cephalic vein to basilic vein most common site for venepuncture - fixed position in ante-cubital fossa
26
basilic vein
originates from medial end dorsal arch and ascends the medial aspect of upper limb
27
how is axillary vein formed
basilic vein, at border of teres major, moves deep into arm and combines with brachial veins from deep venous system to form axillary vein
28
cephalic vein
arises from lateral end dorsal venous arch ascends antero-lateral aspect of upper limb passing antriorly at elbow drains into axillary vein
29
where do all lymphatic vessels from upper limb drain into
axillary nodes
30
axillary nodes are divided into distinct groups...
``` anterior (or pectoral group) posterior (or subscapular group) apical group central group lateral (or brachial) group ```
31
bones and joints of pectoral girdle
scapula and clavicle acromioclavicular joint sternoclavicular joint
32
what is pectoral girdle
set of bones which connects upper limb into the axial skeleton
33
features which can help 'side' a clavicle
the lateral aspect of clavicle is flatter than medial aspect superior surface is smoother than inferior surface the conoid tubercle (attachment for conoid ligament) on inferior aspect of lateral portion clavicle
34
what type of joint is acromioclavicular joint
plane synovial joint (between acromion of scapula and clavicle)
35
what type of joint is sternoclavicular joint
saddle synovial joint
36
2 stages of abduction of arm
first 30° - caused by muscles acting on glenohumeral (shoulder) joint beyond 30° - scapula being pulled upwards (elevated) and laterally rotating on the chest wall (scapula-thoracic movement)
37
muscles involved in scapular movement: elevation
trapezius (upper fibres) | levator scapulae
38
muscles involved in scapular movement: depression
trapezius (lower fibres)
39
muscles involved in scapular movement: protraction (forward movement)
serratus anterior | pectoralis minor + major
40
muscles involved in scapular movement: retraction (backward movement)
trapezius (middle fibres) | rhomboids
41
muscles involved in scapular movement: medial (downward) rotation - depressing glenoid cavity
gravity levator-scapulae rhomoid major + minor pectoralis minor
42
what type of joint is gleno-humeral joint (shoulder joint)
synovial ball and socket joint ``` ball = head of humerus socket = glenoid cavity ```
43
what is glenoid labrum
rim of cartilage that surrounds glenoid cavity (socket of shoulder joint) it deepens glenoid fossa to reduce disproportion in surfaces
44
what aspect of glenohumeral joint does coracohumeral ligament strengthen
anterior-superior aspect joint capsule
45
what is coraco-acromial arch
made of acromion, coracoid process of scapula and caracoacromial ligament prevents superior displacement of humeral head
46
what aspect of glenohumeral joint do glenohumeral ligaments strengthen
anterior aspect joint aspect
47
what does transverse humeral ligament form
roof of bicipital groove
48
what is weakest aspect of shoulder joint capsule
inferior-anterior part | not protected by muscles or ligaments
49
which bursa communicates with the glenohumeral joint capsule
subscapular bursa
50
subacromial bursa
reduces friction beneath deltoid, promoting free motion of rotator cuff tendons sits between infra/supra-spinatus muscles and deltoids, extending superiorly to lie below acromion and coracoacromial ligaments
51
attachments of subcapularis muscle
proximal: medial 2/3 of costal aspect scapula distal: lesser tubercle humerus
52
subscapularis muscle movement of shoulder joint
medially rotates arm
53
nerve supply subscapularis muscle
upper + lower subscapular nerves
54
attachments of supraspinatus muscle
supraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tuberosity of humerus
55
supraspinatous muscle movement at shoulder joint
abduction of arm
56
supraspinatus muscel nerve suppluy
suprascapular nerve
57
attachments of infraspinatous muscle
infraspinous fossa of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus
58
infraspinatus muscle movement of shoulder joint
laterally rotates arm
59
nerve supply of infraspinatus muscle
suprascapuar nerve
60
attachments of teres minor muscle
posterior surface of scapula, adjacent to its lateral border lesser tuberosity of humerus
61
teres minor muscle movement of shoulder joint
laterally rotates arm
62
nerve supply teres minor muscle
axillary nerve
63
although rotator cuss muscles have a role in movement of glenohumeral joint, there primary function is to...
pull the humeral head into glenoid fossa: additional stability
64
what are the rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor
65
what are the shoulder joint muscles
``` deltoid pectoralis major teres major trapezius latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboids ```
66
what nerve supplies deltoid muscle
axillary n
67
anterior fibres deltoid muscle
flexion and medial rotation at shoulder joint
68
middle fibres deltoid muscle
abduct the arm at shoulder joint
69
posterior fibres deltoid muscle
extension and lateral rotation at shoulder joint
70
nerve supply to pectoralis major muscle
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
71
action of pectoralis major
adduct shoulder | medially rotate humerus at glenohumeral joint
72
pectoralis minor nerve supply
medial pectoral nerve
73
teres major actions
adducts and extends at shoulder and medially rotates arm
74
nerve supply trapezius muscle
accessory nerve
75
what muscles cause flexion of shoulder (sagittal plane)
pectoralis major anterior deltoid coracobrachialis
76
what muscles cause extension of shoulder (sagittal plane)
posterior deltoid latissismus dorsi teres major
77
what muscles cause abduction of shoulder
0-90 degrees: supraspinatous, middle fibres deltoid 90-180degrees: trapezius, serratus anterior
78
what muscles cause adduction shoulder
pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major
79
what muscles cause medial or internal rotation of shoulder
subscapularis lastissimus dorsi pectoralis major teres major
80
what muscles cause lateral or external rotation shoulder
infraspinatous | teres minor
81
muscles of anterior compartment arm
biceps brachii coracobrachialis brachialis
82
biceps brachii attachments
short head: originates from coracoid process of scapula long head: originates from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula both heads unite at dital 3rd upper arm forming short tendon which inserts onto radial tuberosity
83
functions of biceps brachii
supination of forearm (at superior radio-ulnar joint) | flexes both shoulder and elbow joint
84
nerve supply of biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve (biceps tendon reflex tests C6)
85
action of brachialis muscle
flexion of elbow jiont
86
attachments of brachialis muscle
anterior surface of distal shaft humerus to coronoid process of ulna
87
nerve supply brachialis muscle
musculocutaneous nerve (with contributions from radial nerve)
88
attachments corachobrachialis muscle
tip of coracoid process of scapula to medial aspect mid-shaft humerus
89
action corachobrachialis muscle
flexes arm at shoulder joint
90
nerve supply corachobrachialis muscle
musculocutaneous nerve
91
pathway of musculocutaneous nerve
enters arm by perforating corachobrachialis, descends distally between biceps brachii and brachialis muscles. after crossing elbow joint it gives off terminal branch to supply skin as lateral cutaneous nerve forearm
92
what is main branch brachial artery
profunda brachii
93
pathway median nerve upper arm
descends along lateral side axillary artery, crosses to lateral aspect brachial artery and enters cubital fossa gives off no branches in axilla or upper arm
94
pathway ulnar nerve upper arm
descends along medial side brachial artery and enters anterior compartment arm through medial intermuscular septum runs along medial head of triceps and to lie behind medial epicondyle at elbow
95
what compartment of arm is triceps muscle in
posterior compartment upper arm
96
attachments triceps muscle
long head arises from scapula and, lateral and medial heads arise from humerus. Common tendon of triceps is inserted into olecranon process of ulna
97
function triceps muscle
extension of arm at elbow
98
nerve supply triceps muscle
radial nerve
99
what does radial nerve innervate
triceps muscle and extensor muscles in forearm
100
pathway of radial nerve
arises in axilla region where it's situated posteriorly to axillary a. runs down with main branch axillary a. (profunda brachii) descends down around midshaft region of humerus in radial groove
101
teres major nerve supply
lower subscapular nerve
102
nerve supply latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve
103
nerve supply levator scapulae
dorsal scapula nerve
104
nerve supply rhomboids
dorsal scapular nerve
105
serratus anterior innervation
long thoracic nerve

MSK Anatomy (12 decks)

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