Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Exam II > Upper body > Flashcards

Upper body Flashcards

1
Q

Name the shoulder stabilizer muscles

A
  1. Rhomboid major
  2. Rhomboid minor
  3. Levator scapule
  4. Serratus anterior
    5 Pectoralis minor
  5. Subclavius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles

A

(keeps humerus in place)

  1. Subscapularis
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Infraspinatus
  4. Teres minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common rotator cuff injury?

A

Supraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the forearm flexor origins?

A

medial epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the forearm extensor origins?

A

lateral epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are synovial sheaths found? (upper limb)

A
  1. wrist
  2. hand
  3. digits
  4. pollex
  5. long head of biceps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the anatomical snuff box contain?

A

radial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the bones of the thorax

A
  1. Sternum
  2. Ribs
  3. Vertebrae (T1-T12)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the inspiratory muscles

A
  1. External intercostals
  2. Internal intercostals (interchondral portion)
  3. Diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 holes in the diaphragm?

A
  1. Caval hiatus
  2. Aortic hiatus
  3. Esophageal hiatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the caval hiatus for in the diaphragm?

A

inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a hiatal hernia caused by?

A

a stretched out esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the expiratory muscles

A
  1. internal intercostals (nterosseous portion)

2. abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the respiratory assist muscles

A
  1. Serratus posterior superior
  2. Serratus posterior inferior
  3. Subcostals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of the serratus posterior superior?

A
  • respiratory assist muscle
  • prevents ribs from going down
  • helps inspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of the serratus posterior inferior?

A
  • respiratory assist muscle
  • prevents ribs from going up
  • helps expiratory muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the functions of the subcostals?

A
  • respiratory assist muscle
  • rotates the ribs, allowing elevation
  • helps inspiratory muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the intercostal nerves innervate?

A
  • come from ventral rami of spinal nerves T1-T11
  • lie w/in costal groove
    1. intercostal muscles
    2. serratus posterior superior & inferior
    3. subcostal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

-from cervical plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the serosa?

A

a membrane covering the organs to make it slippery for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the pathway for vessels for gas exchange in the lungs?

A
  1. Pulmonary trunk
  2. Pulmonary artery
  3. Secondary arteries
  4. Tertiary arteries
  5. Alveolar capillary beds
    then branch back up into these veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many brachial arteries does the L&R lungs have?

A

L: 2 that branch from aorta
R: 1 that can branch from aorta or intercostal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do the bronchial veins drain?

A

Azygous veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name the impressions of the L lung

A
  1. Trachea & esophagus
  2. L Subclavian artery
  3. L Brachicephalic vein
  4. Aorta
  5. Heart
  6. Diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the impressions of the R lung
1. Trachea & esophagus 2. R Subclavian artery 3. R Brachiocephalic vein 4. Azygous vein 5. Heart 6. Diaphragm
26
How many lobes does the R&L lung have?
L: 2 - superior & inferior R: 3 - superior, inferior & middle
27
What is contained in the mediastinum?
1. Heart 2. Great vessels 3. Trachea 4. Esophagus 5. Thymus
28
What is pleural effusion?
an inc. in fluid leading to dyspnea
29
What is pericardial effusion!
inc. in fluid in the pericardial sac | aka cardiac tamponade
30
Where do the pulmonary veins drain?
L atrium
31
Where do the superior & inferior vena cava drain?
R atrium
32
Where does the L coronary artery branch?
from ostium in sinus to: 1. circumflex - L marginals, L posterior 2. Diagonal artery 3. L anterior descending artery (widow maker)
33
Where does the R coronary artery branch?
from ostium in sinus to: 1. SA nodal branch 2. R marginals 3. AV nodal branch 4. Posterior descending
34
What is the valve of thebesius?
a valve in the coronary sinus into the R atrium that prevents the backflow of blood during contraction
35
What veins drain into the coronary sinus?
1. Middle cardiac vein 2. L posterior cardiac vein 3. Great cardiac vein 4. Small cardiac vein
36
What vein drains into the R atrium?
1. Anterior cardiac veins | 2. Thebesian veins
37
What is the route of the coronary circuit?
1. Aortic sinuses 2. Coronary arteries 3. Myocardium 4. Cardiac veins 5. Coronary sinus 6. R heart
38
Name the cardiac surfaces
1. Anterior (RV) 2. Diaphragmatic (LV) 3. R pulmonary surface (RA) 4. L Pulmonary surface (LV)
39
What drains into the sinus venarum?
Sinus of R atria 1. Superior & Inferior vena cava 2. Coronary sinus
40
What is the oval fossa?
A thin membrane connecting the R & L atria, used to be a valve during fetal days
41
What is the auricle?
A thin ear-like extension from the atria lined w/ pectinate muscles for expansion
42
Compare & contrast the conus arteriosis & aortic vestibule
CA - from R ventricle, smooth 'funnel' region AV - from L ventricle, smooth 'dome' region
43
Compare & contrast the L & R ventricles
R - thin walled | L - thick walled, more trabeculae carnae
44
Describe the L AV valve
aka mitral valve 2 cusps: anterior & posterior chordae tendonae embedded in papillary muscles open when relaxed
45
Describe the R AV valve
``` aka tricuspid 3 cusps: anterior, posterior, septal chordae tendonae embedded in papillary muscles moderator band open when relaxed ```
46
What is the moderator band?
in R AV valve | connects papillary to septum so it can get electrical signal for contraction
47
Describe the L semilunar valve
closed when relaxed | 3 cusps forming aortic sinuses: posterior, R & L
48
Describe the R semilunar valve
closed when relaxed | 3 cusps forming pulmonary sinuses: anterior, R & L
49
What is S1 heart sound?
AV valves closing
50
What is S2 heart sound?
Semilunar valves closing
51
What is the time btwn S1 & S2?
systole
52
Names the functions of the fibrous cardiac skeleton
1. Provide framework 2. Attach muslces & valves 3. Provide electrical insulation btwn atria & ventricles
53
What are the parts of the fibrous cardiac skeleton?
1. 2 rings - attachment of AV valve 2. 2 coronets - attachment of semilunar valve 3. 2 trigones - reinforce areas btwn rings & coronets 4. AV septum - electrical insulation 5. Interatrial septum 6. Interventricular septum
54
In terms of the fibrous cardiac skeleton, where does the bundle of His go?
through the R trigone
55
Name the components of the middle mediastinum
1. Heart 2. Pericardial sac 3. Roots of great vessels
56
Name the components of the superior mediastinum
1. Aortic arch 2. Trachea 3. Upper esophagus
57
Name the vessels that branch from the aortic arch
1. Brachiocephalic trunk to R common carotid & R subclavian 2. L common carotid 3. L subclavian
58
Name the subclavian branches
1. Vertebral artery | 2. Thyrocervical trunk - anastomose w/ superior thyroid artery to feed thyroid gland
59
Describe the trachea
1. cartilaginous C-rings 2. Annular ligaments connecting rings 3. Trachealis muscle (posterior portion)
60
Describe the contraction/relaxation of the trachealis muscle
c - inc velocity of air (coughing) r - allow swallowing
61
Name the components of the posterior mediastinum
1. Descending thoracic aorta 2. Lower esophagus 3. Azygos system 4. Lymphatic trunks
62
What drains into the azygous veins?
the deep vein structures of the back bronchial veins also serves as shunt btwn inferior & superior vena cava
63
What are the branches of the descending thoracic aorta?
1. Intercostal arteries 2. Esophageal arteries 3. Bronchial arteries 4. Superior phrenic arteries
64
Name the lymph nodes of upper body
1. Paratracheal 2. Bronchopulmonary 3. Pulmonary 4. Posterior parietal 5. Phrenic
65
What nerves innervate the lungs & heart?
Pulmonary/Cardiac Plexuses sympathetic - cardiopulmonary splachnic nerve parasympathetic - branches from vagus nerve
66
What nerves innervate the esophagus?
Esophageal plexus | parasympathetic - branches from vagus nerve
67
Name the bones of the abdomen & pelvis
1. L1-L5 2. S1-S5 3. os coxae: 2 ilia 2 ischia 2 pubic bones
68
What are the 2 soft muscle attachments in the abdomen?
1. Linea alba | 2. Inguinal ligaments
69
Name the abdominal muscles
1. Rectus abdominis 2. External oblique 3. Internal oblique 4. Transverse abdominis 5. Cremaster muscle 6. Rectus sheath
70
What are the abdominal wall defects?
1. Umbilical ring 2. Inguinal canal 3. Femoral sheath
71
What does the femoral sheath contain?
1. Femoral artery 2. Femoral vein 3. Femoral lymphatics
72
Which nerves innervate the abdominal wall?
1. Intercostal 2. Subcostal 3. Upper portion of lumbar plexuses - ventral roots L1-L4
73
In relation to the abdominal wall, what do the intercostal nerves innervate?
all muscles except the cremaster
74
In relation to the abdominal wall, what do the subcostal nerves innervate?
all muscles except the cremaster
75
In relation to the abdominal wall, what do the iliohypogastric nerves innervate?
upper 1/2 of internal oblique & transversus abdominis
76
In relation to the abdominal wall, what do the ilioinguinal nerves innervate?
the lower internal oblique & transversus abdominis
77
In relation to the abdominal wall, what do the genitofemoral nerves innervate?
cremaster muscle
78
Name the tissue layers of the abdominal wall
1. External oblique 2. Internal oblique 3. Transversus abdominis 4. Transversalis fascia 5. Extraperitoneal fascia 6. Peritoneum
79
Describe the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity?
most organs have mesenteries that attach them to the posterior abdominal wall (usually)
80
Name the retroperitoneal organs
1. Pancreas 2. Kidneys 3. Ureters 4. Urinary bladder 5. Duodenum 6. Ascending colon 7. Descending coon 8. Rectum 9. Aorta 10. Inferior vena cava
81
Name the mesenteries
1. The mesentery 2. Mesocolon 3. Mesoappendix 4. Falciform ligament 5. Gastrophrenic ligament 6. Broad ligament 7. Mesosalpinx 8. Mesovarium
82
What does 'the mesentery' cover & where does it attach?
small intestine | to posterior abdominal wall
83
What does the mesocolon cover & where does it attach?
large intestine - transverse & sigmoid colon | to posterior abdominal wall
84
What does the mesoappendix cover & where does it attach?
the appendix & cecum | to posterior abdominal wall
85
What does the falciform ligament cover & where does it attach?
-a mesentery liver to anterior abdominal wall & diaphragm
86
What does the gastrophrenic ligament cover & where does it attach?
-a mesentery stomach to diaphragm
87
What does the broad ligament cover & where does it attach?
-a mesentery uterus to pelvic floor
88
What does the mesosalpinx cover & where does it attach?
fallopian tubes | to pelvic wall
89
What does the mesovarium cover & where does it attach?
ovaries | to pelvic wall
90
Name the omentum
1. Greater - stomach to transverse colon | 2. Lesser - stomach to liver
91
Name the compartments of the abdominopelvic cavity
1. Greater sac 2. Lesser sac aka omental bursa connected via epiploic foramen aka omental foramen or foramen of winslow
92
Describe the esophageal constrictions
1. Cervical - aka superior esophagel sphincter w/ cricopharyngeus - sphincter 2. Thoracic - aortic arch & L primary bronchus 3. Diaphragmatic - aka inferior esophageal sphincter
93
Name the anatomical regions of the stomach
1. Cardiac - entrance into stomach 2. Fundus 3. Body 4. Pyloric region - antrum & canal
94
Describe the musculature of the stomach
1. Longitudinal - outer layer 2. Circular - middle layer 3. Oblique - inner layer
95
What is the pyloric valve?
a valve from the stomach opening into the small intestine | -fat keeps valve closed so food can trickle out
96
What allows for expansion of the stomach?
Rugae lining - folds | max. contents ~3L
97
What are the parts of the small intestine?
1. Duodenum - 25 cm 2. Jejunum - 1 m 3. Ileum - 2 m
98
What is the duodenal cap & what is it suspended by?
1st 1/2 inch | suspended by the lesser omentum
99
Where do the digestive enzymes enter the duodenum?
The descending portion of duodenum -most important part of the duodenum
100
What is the ascending portion of the duodenum suspended by?
The ligament of treitz stabilizes the intestine & keeps it from twisting - intestinal malrotation
101
What is the ligament of treitz?
suspends the ascending portion of the duodenum and keeps it from moving around & twisting
102
What does volvulus mean?
the intestine gets twisted around & occludes the intestine
103
What are the parts of the duodenum?
1. Superior 2. Descending 3. Transverse 4. Ascending
104
major vs. minor duodenal papilla
major - entrance for bile duct & pancreas - sphincter of oddi, closes if not eating fat minor - a bypass so pancreatic fluids can enter the duodenum
105
What are plicae circularis?
circular folds that inc. the surface area
106
Describe the jejunum
-part of small intestine has very large & abundant plicae circularis most absorption occurs here transparent windows w/in the mesentery
107
Describe the ileum
``` -part of small intestine has nonabundant & small plicae circularis lies w/in the iliac crest ....last chance for absorption contains the ileocecal junction ```
108
What is the ileocecal junction?
The junction btwn the ileum & cecum w/ the ileocecal valce prevents backflow back
109
What are the parts of the large intestine?
absorb water & some salts & vitamins - walls have a lot of lymph tissue 1. Cecum & vermiform appendix 2. Colon 3. Rectum
110
What are the teniae coli?
bands of muscle in the cecum & colon | -contract & bunch up to form bulges called hausta
111
What are epiploic appendages?
fatty appendages on the large intestine
112
Describe the cecum
1st part of large intestine hardly ever empty not mesentery nor retroperitoneal - free
113
Describe the vermiform appendix
bound by the mesoappendix not affected by antibiotics in the gut McBurney's point - where the appendix & cecum join
114
What is the McBurney's point?
where the appendix & cecum meet | -very tender & hard during appendicitis
115
What is situs inversus?
everything in body is reversed on opposite side
116
Name the pathway for the large intestine
Ascending to hepatic flexure to transverse colon to splenic flexure to descending colon to sigmoid colon
117
What part of the large intestine is most variable in shape & length?
sigmoid colon
118
What is the valve of houston?
muscular infoldings in the rectum that supports the weight of feces & relaxes during defecation
119
Describe the anal canal
-anal columns internal anal sphincter - smooth muscle external anal sphincter - skeletal muscle
120
What are the GI accessory organs?
Liver & gall bladder biliary ducts
121
Describe the liver functions?
biggest gland of the body digestive - produces bile to emulsify fat cardiovascular - filters blood from GI tract, fat isn't filtered
122
What is the coronary ligament?
connects liver to diaphragm | aka triangular ligaments
123
When the sphincter of oddi is closed, where does the bile go?
into the cystic duct to enter the gall bladder
124
Describe the anatomy of the gall bladder
1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Neck - w/ Hartmann's pouch
125
What is Hartmann's pouch?
Part of the gall bladder neck | Gall stones lodge here
126
What happens when you eat fat?
1. Pyloric sphincter closes to trickle out fat into sm. intestine 2. Gall bladder contracts 3. Sphincter of oddi relaxes
127
Describe the hepatic blood supply
Arterial blood by hepatic artery (25%) -supplies bile ducts Venous blood by portal vein to liver tissue
128
What drains into the hepatic portal vein?
sm & lg intestine, stomach, spleen | shunted to liver for filtration
129
Where do the hepatic veins drain?
into the inferior vena cava after filtration
130
What drains into the R & L anatomic lobes of the liver?
L - large intestine, stomach & spleen R - sm. intestine
131
Describe the segments w/in the R & L liver?
``` 1 - caudate lobe - 'independent liver' 2 & 3 - Lateral L liver 4 - medial L liver 5 & 8 - medial R liver 6 & 7 - lateral R liver ```
132
Describe liver transplants (adult to child, adult to adult)
c to a - 2 segments usually 2 & 3 a to a - 4 segments usually 5-8
133
What are the functions of the pancreas?
1 Digestive - enzymes | 2 Endocrine - glucose regulation
134
Describe the parts of the pancreas
``` 1. Head - w/in curvature of duodenum 2 Ucinate - "hook" of head 3 Neck 4 Body 5 Tail - attached to spleen by tissue & vessels ```
135
What are the pancreatic ducts?
1. Main pancreatic duct - joins bile duct at ampula of vader 2. Accessory duct - enters duodenum at minor duodenal papilla, opens when sphincter of oddi contracts
136
Describe the spleen w/ functions
filters blood; removes old cellular components stores blood - contracts to release blood especially under hypoxic conditions very fragile white pulp - lymph drained by lymphatic vessels red pulp - blood filtration

Anatomy Exam II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions