Upper Digestive System

Question 1

What does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 1

• Mouth, teeth and tongue
• Oropharynx
• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large intestine
  Accessory digestive organs: salivary glands, pancreas and liver

Question 2

What are the different types of teeth?

Answer 2

• Incisors
• Canines
• Premolars
• Molars
• Carnassials

Question 3

What do incisors look like and what are they used for?

Answer 3

• Small and chisel-shaped for fine nibbling

Question 4

What do canines look like and what are they used for?

Answer 4

Large and pointed for holding prey

Question 5

What do premolars look like and what are they used for?

Answer 5

In carnivores, they are flattened like scissor blades for shearing flesh off the bone

Question 6

What do molars look like and what are they used for?

Answer 6

Flat surface with cusps used for grinding

Question 7

What do carnassials look like and which teeth are they?

Answer 7

• Very large shearing teeth
• Upper jaw: last premolar
• Lower jaw: first molar

Question 8

When do deciduous incisors erupt in the dog?

Answer 8

3-4 weeks

Question 9

When do deciduous canines erupt in the dog?

Answer 9

5 weeks

Question 10

When do deciduous premolars erupt in the dog?

Answer 10

4-8 weeks

Question 11

When do deciduous molars erupt in the dog?

Answer 11

Absent

Question 12

When do deciduous incisors, canines, premolars and molars erupt in the cat?

Answer 12

Starts to erupt at 2 weeks and finishes by 4 weeks

Question 13

When do permanent incisors erupt in the dog?

Answer 13

3.5-4 months

Question 14

When do permanent canines erupt in the dog?

Answer 14

5-6 months

Question 15

When do permanent premolars erupt in the dog?

Answer 15

1st premolar 4-5 months, but the remainder 5-7 months

Question 16

When do permanent molars erupt in the dog?

Answer 16

5-7 months

Question 17

When do permanent incisors erupt in the cat?

Answer 17

12 weeks

Question 18

When do permanent canines, premolars, and molars erupt in the cat?

Answer 18

Variable , but full dentition by 6 months

Question 19

What is the dental formula for the adult dog?

Answer 19

(I-3/3, C-1/1, P-4/4, M-2/3) x 2 = 42 teeth in adult jaw

Question 20

What is the dental formula for the adult cat?

Answer 20

(I-3/3, C-1/1, P-3/2, M-1/1) x 2 = 30 teeth in adult jaw

Question 21

What does cat and dog saliva not contain?

Answer 21

Amylase

Question 22

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 22

Flaps over the entrance to the larynx to prevent food form entering the trachea

Question 23

What is the stomach and what does it do?

Answer 23

Reservoir for food, which breaks up food physically and begins chemical digestion

Question 24

What are the folds in the stomach lining called and what do they do?

Answer 24

Rugae, which allow it to distend when full

Question 25

What does gastric juice contain and what is their purpose?

Answer 25

- Water: mixes with food to form liquid (chyme) - Pepsinogen: begins protein digestion - Hydrochlorci acid: kills bacteria and activates pepsin - Mucus: lubricates food and protect stomach wall form pepsin and acid

Question 26

Describe gastric motility

Answer 26

- Segmentation breaks up food and mixes with gastric juice - Peristalsis forces content through the pyloric sphincter

Question 27

What are the 3 stages of control of gastric secretions and motility?

Answer 27

- Cephalic phase - Gastric phase - Intestinal phase

Question 28

Describe the cephalic phase

Answer 28

The sight and smell of food activates the parasympathetic nervous system, which increases secretion and motility

Question 29

Describe the gastric phase

Answer 29

Food enters the stomach, which causes gastrin to be release, which increases secretion and motility further

Question 30

Describe the intestinal phase

Answer 30

Chyme enter small intestine, which releases secretin, which decreases secretion and motility