upper digestive tract

Question 1

ingestion

Answer 1

take in food

Question 2

digestion

Answer 2

break down food (physically and chemically)

Question 3

absorption

Answer 3

nutrients enter bloodstream

Question 4

defecation

Answer 4

release of indigestible food

Question 5

alimentary canal

Answer 5

mouth to anus

Question 6

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 6

stomach and intestines

Question 7

accessory digestive organs

Answer 7

salivary glands, teeth, pancreas

Question 8

mucosa

Answer 8

innermost layer of GI wall

Question 9

walls of the GI

Answer 9

4 layers
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 10

connective tissue that is thicker than mucosal later

Answer 10

submucosa

Question 11

muscular layer inner layer(circular) and outer layer(longitudinal) smooth muscle

Answer 11

muscularis

Question 12

outermost layer of GI wall- the serous membrane

Answer 12

serosa

Question 13

hard palate

Answer 13

consists of four bones – two maxillae and two palatines

Question 14

soft palate

Answer 14

forms partition between mouth and nasopharynx

Question 15

Uvula

Answer 15

suspended from the midpoint of posterior border of soft palate

Question 16

four types of papillae

Answer 16

circumvallate
fungiform
foliate
filiform

Question 17

Circumvallate

Answer 17

large, form and v-shaped row at posterior of tongue, to be tasted substance must enter a moat-like depression surrounding the papillae to contact taste buds

Question 18

fungiform

Answer 18

found on sides and tip of tongue

Question 19

Foliate

Answer 19

leaflike ridges on the posterior and lateral edges of tongue

Question 20

Filiform

Answer 20

filamentous and threadlike, whitish coloration, distributed over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
Do not contain taste buds

Question 21

Lingual frenulum

Answer 21

fold of mucous membrane in the midline of the undersurface of tongue that anchors tongue to floor of mouth

Question 22

salivary glands has 3 pairs

Answer 22

parotid glands
submandibular glands
sublingual glands

Question 23

Parotid glands

Answer 23

anterior to ears, produce a watery type of saliva containing enzymes but no mucus

Question 24

Submandibular glands

Answer 24

contain both enzyme and mucus producing elements
Located below the mandibular angle

Question 25

Sublingual glands

Answer 25

lie in front of submandibular glands, empty secretions into floor of mouth Produce only mucous type of saliva

Question 26

Saliva

Answer 26

a mix of mucus and serous fluid Moistens and binds food together into a bolus

Question 27

deciduous teeth

Answer 27

baby teeth (28) permanent teeth (32)

Question 28

teeth classified according to shape

Answer 28

incisors canines premolars and molars

Question 29

incisors

Answer 29

chisels shaped cutting

Question 30

canines

Answer 30

fang like tearing and piercing

Question 31

premolar and molars

Answer 31

broad crowns and rounded tips, grinding

Question 32

root

Answer 32

embedded in jawbone Outer surface of root covered by Cementum

Question 33

Cementum

Answer 33

attaches tooth to periodontal membrane, holds tooth in place

Question 34

Dentin

Answer 34

bonelike material, underlies enamel, bulk of tooth

Question 35

Pulp cavity

Answer 35

central cavity, contains pulp that supplies nutrients to tooth tissues and provides sensation

Question 36

Root canal

Answer 36

where pulp cavity extends into the root

Question 37

Esophagus

Answer 37

runs from pharynx through diaphragm to stomach

Question 38

Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

Answer 38

helps prevent Air from entering esophagus during respiration Relaxation of the UES permits burping

Question 39

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Answer 39

also called cardiac sphincter Located at the junction of the esophagus and stomach Contains stomach contents with stomach full and churning

Question 40

Fundus

Answer 40

expanded part of the stomach lateral to cardiac region

Question 41

body (stomach)

Answer 41

midportion of stomach

Question 42

Pylorus

Answer 42

terminal part of stomach; continues to small intestine through the pyloric sphincter

Question 43

Greater curvature Lesser curvature

Answer 43

convex medial surface concave medial surface

Question 44

Lining of stomach =

Answer 44

folds = rugae w/ gastric pits

Question 45

Gastric pits lead to

Answer 45

Gastric glands producing Gastric juice

Question 46

Intrinsic Factor

Answer 46

substance needed for the absorption of B12

Question 47

Chief cells

Answer 47

produce protein digesting enzymes (pepsinogen->pepsin)

Question 48

Parietal cells

Answer 48

produce HCl; makes stomach contents acidic and activates other enzymes

Question 49

Enteroendocrine cells

Answer 49

produce local hormones (Gastrin); important in digestion

Question 50

after food has been processed

Answer 50

chyme