upper extremities

Question 1

ap elbow epicondyles are

Answer 1

parallel

Question 2

external oblique

Answer 2

-shows radial head free of superimposition

Question 3

medial oblique elbow

Answer 3

coronoid process in profile

Question 4

lateral elbow

Answer 4

-90 degree bend
- epicondyles perpendicular (superimposed)
-Olecranon process demonstrated
-90 degree angle from AP

Question 5

lateral elbow is the best demonstration of the

Answer 5

olecranon process

Question 6

capitellum sits on the

Answer 6

radial head
“the cap sits on the RAD”

Question 7

trochlea sits on the

Answer 7

ulna

Question 8

AP elbow

Answer 8

radial head and neck are superimposed

Question 9

elbow partial flexion

Answer 9

used for dislocation to reduce range of motion
-humerus parallel: demonstrate distal humerus
-forearm is parallel: demonstrate proximal radius

Question 10

trauma axiolateral elbow- coyle method

Answer 10

radial head **
-90 degrees elbow flex
-45 degrees CR towards shoulder
-“angle toward the head “
Coronoid
-80 elbow flex
-45 degrees away from shoulder

Question 11

Fat pad signs

Answer 11

-only see the posterior fat pad when there’s a fracture

Question 12

AP humerus

Answer 12

-epicondyles parallel
-shows greater tubercle
-supinate hand

Question 13

lateral humerus

Answer 13

-internal rotation of arm
-shows lesser tubercle
-epicondyles perpendicular ( superimposed)

Question 14

transthoraic

Answer 14

fracture for upper 1/3

Question 15

shoulder Non trauma

Answer 15

AP internal = lesser tubercle is shown
AP external = greater tubercle is shown
CR= 1inch below coracoid process

Question 16

Posterior oblique Grashey shoulder

Answer 16

-Glenoid cavity
-30-44 degree toward IR

Question 17

Y view PA oblique (scapular Y)

Answer 17

45-60 oblique
-AP= trauma
-PA= reduces breast tissue dose
-USED for shoulder dislocation

Question 18

Inferosuperior axial (axiallary)

Answer 18

-lawrence method
-humerus abducted 90 degrees
- CR is directed toward the axilla

Question 19

supraspinatus outlet (Neer view)

Answer 19

PA Y view position
-45-60 degrees oblique
-10-15 causal angle projects the head down
-abduct arm slightly
* looks for the supraspinatus outlet region to demonstrate impingement

Question 20

Ap scapula

Answer 20

-arm abductor to form right angle to chest,
-elbow flexed arm on for head
-CR: 2 inches inferior to the Coracoid process
-may use breathing technique

Question 21

lateral scapula

Answer 21

-45-60 rotation
-body of scalp perp to IR
- arm is drawn forward to demonstrate body, acromion and coracoid

Question 22

AP or PA clavicle

Answer 22

-CR mid clavicle
-includes both AC and SC joints

Question 23

AP axial clavicle

Answer 23

-15-30 cephalad angle
-demonstrates clavicle above lung field and rib cage

Question 24

PA axial clavicle

Answer 24

-15-30 caudad angle
-reduces magnification
-reduces thyroid dose

Question 25

infant clavicle

Answer 25

do bi lateral if it was a difficult birth

Question 26

AC joints

Answer 26

-with or without weights -weight affixed to wrist -8-10 pounds minimum - bi lateral -erect preferred -pearson method -72 inch OID

Question 27

bone age

Answer 27

-PA projection left hand and wrist -non dominant side -greilich and pyle method -epiphyseal lines used as an indicator

Question 28

bone survey adult

Answer 28

-AP and lateral of extremities, spine chest, skull and pelvis -used for metastatic cancer

Question 29

pediatric bone survey

Answer 29

NAT = non accidental trauma -abuse survery -spiral fractures, bucket fractures

Question 30

arthrography

Answer 30

Study of synovial joints, and surrounding tissues with contrast media -hip -shoulder -knee involves informed and written consent & sterile techniques