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MASTER MUSCLES > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origin:
Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
Coronoid process of the ulna
Proximal 1/2 of the anterior radius (Oblique line)

Insertion:
Middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (splits in 2)

Function:
1. Flexion of digits 2-5 @ metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint
2. Flexion of the hand @ the wrist joint

Nerve Innervation:
Median nerve

Arterial supply:
Ulnar & Radial arteries

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2
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origin:
Proximal 1/2 of the medial and anterior ulna
Interosseus membrane

Insertion:
Distal phalanx of the anterior surface of digits 2-5

Function:
1. Flexion of fingers 2-5 @ MCP, PIP, and DIP
2. Flexion of the hand @ the wrist joint

Nerve Innervation:
Median & Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Ulnar & Radial arteries
Anterior interosseus artery

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3
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin:
Anterior surface of the radius
Coronoid process of the ulna
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Anterior surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Function:
1. Flexion of the thumb @ CMC, MCP, PIP, DIP
2. Flexion of the hand @ the wrist joint

Nerve Innervation:
Median Nerve

Arterial supply:
Radial artery

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4
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin:
medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon

Insertion:
Palmer aponeurosis
Flexor retinaculum

Function:
1. Flexion of the hand @ the wrist joint

Nerve Innervation:
Median Nerve

Arterial supply:
Ulnar artery

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5
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Origin:
Anterior distal 1/4 of the ula

Insertion:
Anterior distal 1/4 of the radius

Function:
1. Pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar joint

Nerve Innervation:
Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

Arterial supply:
Anterior Interosseous Artery

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6
Q

What are the muscles that arise from the common flexor tendon?

A

Pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis

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7
Q

What are the muscles that arise from the common extensor tendon?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor digitorum ulnaris

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8
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via common extensor tendon

Insertion:
Posterior surface of the middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 via dorsal digital expansion

Function (2 of 3 required)
1. Extension of fingers 2-5 @ MCP, PIP, and DIP
2. Extension of the hand @ the wrist joint
3. Medially rotates the little finger @ the CMC

Nerve Innervation:
Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)

Arterial supply:
Posterior Interosseous Artery

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9
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin:
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon

Insertion:
Middle and distal phalanges of the posterior surface of the little finger via the DDE on the medial (ulnar) side of the ED (extensor digitorum) tendon

Function:
1. Extension of the little finger @ the MCP, PIP, and DIP
2. Extension of the hand @ the wrist joint
3. Medial rotation of the little finger @ the CMC

Nerve Innervation:
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)

Arterial supply:
Posterior interosseous artery

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10
Q

Where is the extensor digiti minimi between?

A

Extensor digitorum and extensor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

Name the deep distal 4 muscles

A

Abductor pollicis longus
extensor hallucis brevis
extensor hallucis longus
extensor indicis

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12
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin:
Middle 1/3 of the posterior ulna, radius, and interosseus membrane

Insertion:
Lateral side of the base of the 1st metacarpal

Function:
1. Abduction of the thumb @ carpometacarpal joint
2. Extension of thumb @ carpometacarpal joint
3. Lateral rotation of thumb @ carpometacarpal joint
4. Radial deviation of the hand @ wrist joint

Innervation:
Radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)

Arterial supply:
Posterior interosseous artery

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13
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin:
Distal 1/3 of the posterior radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Posterolateral base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (digit 1)

Function:
1. Extension of thumb @ CMC, MCP
2. Abduction of thumb @ CMC
3. Laterally rotate the thumb @ CMC
4. Radial deviation of the hand @ wrist joint

Innervation: Radial nerve (PIN)

Arterial supply:
Posterior interosseous artery
Anterior interosseous artery

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14
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Origin:
Middle 1/3 of the posterior ulna
middle 1/3 of the interosseous membrane

Insertion:
posterolateral base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Dorsal digital expansion

Function:
Extension of the thumb @ the CMC, MCP, IP

Nerve Innervation:
Radial Nerve (PIN)

Arterial supply:
Posterior interosseous artery
Anterior interosseous artery

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15
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Origin:
Distal 1/3 of the posterior ulna
Distal 1/3 of the interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Ulnar side of the extensor digitorum to the middle and distal phalanges of the index finger via the Dorsal Digital Expansion

Function:
Extension of index finger @ MCP, PIP, and DIP
Extension of the hand @ wrist joint

Nerve Innervation:
Radial nerve (PIN)

Arterial supply:
Posterior interosseous artery
anterior interosseous artery

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16
Q

What are the extensor retinaculum compartments?

A

group 1: APL, EPB
group 2: ECRL, ECRB
group 3: EPL
group 4: ED, EI
group 5: EDM
group 6: ECU

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17
Q

Palmaris Brevis

A

Too thin to palpate

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum
Palmer aponeurosis

Insertion:
Dermis of ulnar border of the hand

Function:
Wrinkles of the skin

Nerve Innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Ulnar artery

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18
Q

Name the thenar eminence muscles

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

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19
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum
Tubercle of scaphoid
Tubercle of trapezium

Insertion:
base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb on the radial side
dorsal digital expansion

Action:
Abduction of the thumb @ CMC
Flexion of the thumb @ MCP
Extension of the thumb @ CMC & IP

Nerve Innervation:
Median Nerve

Arterial supply:
Radial artery

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20
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum
Trapezium

Insertion:
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Function:
Flexion of the thumb @ CMC and MCP (not IP)
Abduction of the thumb @ CMC

Nerve Innervation:
Median and Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Radial arteries

21
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum
Tubercle of the trapezium

Insertion:
anterior surface on the radial border of the 1st metacarpal

Function:
Opposition of the thumb @ the CMC
(opposition includes: flexion, abduction, and medial rotation)

Nerve Innervation:
Medial and ulnar (often absent) nerve

Arterial supply:
Radial artery

22
Q

What are the hypothenar eminence muscles?

A

Abductor digiti minimi (manus)
Flexor digiti minimi (manus)
Opponens digiti minimi

23
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (manus)

A

Origin:
Pisiform
tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Insertion:
Medial side of the proximal phalanx of the digit 5
Dorsal digital expansion

Function:
1. Abduction of the little finger @ the CMC and MCP
2. Flexion of the little finger the MCP
3. Extension of the little finger @ the PIP and DIP

Nerve Innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Ulnar artery

24
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi (manus)

A

Origin:
Flexor retinaculum
Hook of hamate

Insertion:
Base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger on the ulnar side

Function:
1. Flexion of the little finger @ the CMC and MCP

Nerve Innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Arterial Supply:
Ulnar artery

25
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

Origin:
Hook of hamate
flexor retinaculum

Insertion:
anterior & medial surface of metacarpal 5

Function:
1. Opposition of the little finger @ CMC
(Opposition includes: flexion, adduction, and lateral rotation of the little finger)

Nerve innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Ulnar artery

26
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin:
Oblique Head:
Anterior base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Capitate

Transverse Head:
Distal 2/3 of the anterior surface of the 3rd metacarpal

Insertion:
Oblique Head:
Medial base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the dorsal digital expansion

Transverse Head:
Medial base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Function:
1. Adduction of the thumb @ the CMC
2. Flexion of the thumb @ CMC and MCP
3. Extension of the thumb @ IP

Nerve Innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Artery supply:
Radial artery

27
Q

Lumbricals

A

Origin:
L1: Lateral side of the Distal tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of digit 2
L2: Lateral side of the distal tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of digit 3
L3: Medial side of the distal tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of digit 3
Lateral side of the distal tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of digit 4
L4: Medial side of the distal tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of digit 4
Lateral side of the distal tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of digit 5

Insertion:
Lateral side of the distal extensor digitorum tendon via the dorsal digital expansion of digits 2-5

Function:
1. Flexion of fingers 2-5 @ the MCP
2. Extension of the fingers 2-5 @ the PIP and DIP
3. Lumbrical 1 and 2: abduction of digits 2-3 @ the MCP
4. Lumbrical 3 and 4: adduction of digits 4-5 @ the MCP

Nerve Innervation:
Median and Ulnar nerves

Arterial supply:
Radial and ulnar arteries

28
Q

Palmer Interossei

A

Origin:
Anterior surface of metacarpals 2, 4, 5 on the middle finger side

Insertion:
Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, 5 on the middle finger side via the Dorsal Digital Expansion

Action:
1. Adduction of the fingers 2,4,5 @ the MCP
2. Flexion of the finger 2,4,5 @ the MCP
3. Extension of the fingers 2,4,5 @ the PIP and DIP

Innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Radial and ulnar artery

29
Q

Dorsal Interossei (manus)

A

Origin:
Adjacent sides of the 2 metacarpals
1. metacarpals 1 & 2
2. metacarpals 2 & 3
3. metacarpals 3 & 4
4. metacarpals 4 & 5

Insertion:
Proximal phalanges of fingers 2-4 (side away from the middle finger) via the Dorsal digital expansion
1. Lateral side of finger 2
2. Lateral side of finger 3
3. Medial side of finger 3
4. Medial side of finger 4

Action:
1. Abduction of the digits 2-4 @ the MCP
2. Flexion of digits 2-4 @ the MCP
3. Extension of digits 2-4 @ PIP and DIP

Nerve Innervation:
Ulnar nerve

Arterial supply:
Radial and ulnar arteries

30
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin:
Anterior fibers:
lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Middle fibers:
Acromion process
posterior fibers:
spine of the scapula

Insertion;
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

function:
entire mm:
ABD of the arm @ GH joint
anterior fibers:
flexion of the arm @ GH
medial rotation of the arm @ GH
horizontal ADD @ the GH
posterior fibers:
extension of the arm @ GH
lateral rotation of the arm @ GH
horizontal extension of arm @ GH

nerve:
axillary n

31
Q

subscapularis

A

origin:
subscapular fossa of the scapula

insertion:
lesser tubercle of the humerus

action:
medial rotation of the arm @ GH

nerve:
upper and lower subscapular nerve

32
Q

supraspinatus

A

origin:
supraspinous fossa of the scapula (medial 2/3)

insertion:
greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet)

action:
ABD of the arm @ GH joint
flexion of the arm @ GH joint

nerve:
suprascapular nerve

33
Q

infraspinatus

A

origin:
infraspinous fossa of the scapula (medial 2/3)

insertion:
greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)

action:
lateral rotation of the arm @ GH
Horizontal extension of the arm @ GH

nerve:
suprascapular n

34
Q

teres minor

A

origin:
superior 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula

insertion:
greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet)

action:
lateral rotation of the arm @ GH
adduction of the arm @ GH
Horizontal extension of arm @ GH

nerve:
axillary nerve

35
Q

teres major

A

origin:
inferior angle
inferior 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula (dorsal surface)

insertion:
medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

action:
medial rotation of the arm @ GH
adduction of the arm @ GH
extension of the arm @ GH

nerve:
lower subscapular nerve

36
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin:
Long Head:
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Lateral Head:
Proximal 1/3 of the posterior shaft of the humerus (superior to radial groove)
Medial Head:
Distal 2/3 of the posterior shaft of the humerus (inferior radial groove)

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

action:
extension of forearm @ elbow joint
extension of arm @ GH
adduction of the arm @ GH
Horizontal extension of arm @ GH

nerve:
radial nerve

37
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

origin:
long head:
supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

short head:
coracoid process of the scapula (Apex)

insertion:
radial tuberosity
bicipital aponeurosis

action:
flexion of the arm @ GH
flexion of forearm @ elbow joint
supination of the forearm @ radioulnar joint
Adduction of the arm @ GH
Horizontal flexion of the arm @ GH

nerve:
Musculocutaneous nerve

38
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

origin:
coracoid process of the scapula (apex)

insertion:
middle 1/3 of the medial shaft of the humerus

action:
adduction of the arm @ GH
flexion of the arm @ GH
horizontal flexion of the arm @ GH

nerve:
musculocutaneous n

39
Q

brachialis

A

Origin:
Distal 1/2 of the anterior shaft of the humerus

insertion:
ulnar tuberosity
coronoid process of the ulna

action:
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint

nerve:
musculocutaneous nerve

40
Q

Brachioradialis

A

origin:
Proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

insertion:
styloid process of the radius (lateral side)

action:
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint
supination of the forearm @ radioulnar joint
pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar joint

nerve:
radial nerve

41
Q

pronator teres

A

origin:
humeral head:
medial epicondyle of the humerus via common flexor tendon
medial supracondylar ridge of the humerus
ulnar head:
coronoid process of the ulna (medial surface)

insertion:
middle 1/3 of the lateral radius

action:
pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar j
flexion of the forearm @ elbow j

nerve:
medial nerve

42
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

origin:
medial epicondyle of the humerus via common flexor tendon

insertion:
base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals on the anterior surface

action:
flexion of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
radial deviation of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint (weak)
pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar joint

nerve:
medial nerve

43
Q

palmaris longus

A

origin:
medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon

insertion:
palmar aponeurosis
flexor retinaculum

action:
flexion of the hand @ radiocarpal joint

nerve:
median nerve

44
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

origin:
medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
medial margin of the olecranon
posterior proximal 2/3 of the ulna

insertion:
pisiform
hook of hamate
base of the 5th metacarpal

action:
flexion of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
ulnar deviation of the hand @ radiocarpal
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint

nerve:
ulnar nerve

45
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

origin:
distal 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

insertion:
posterior surface of the base of the 2nd metacarpal

action:
extension of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
radial deviation of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint
pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar joint
supination of the forearm @ radioulnar joint

nerve:
radial nerve

46
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

origin:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus via common extensor tendon

insertion:
posterior surface of the base of the 3rd metacarpal

action:
extension of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
radial deviation of the hand @ radiocarpal
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint
pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar joint
supination of the forearm @ radioulnar joint

innervation:
radial nerve

47
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

origin:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus via common extensor tendon
posterior middle 1/3 of the ulna

insertion:
posterior surface of the base of the 5th metacarpal

action:
extension of the hand @ radiocarpal
ulnar deviation of the hand @ radiocarpal joint
extension of the forearm @ elbow joint
pronation of the forearm @ radioulnar joint

nerve:
radial nerve

48
Q

anconeus

A

origin:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus

insertion:
lateral side of the olecranon process of the ulna

action;
extension of the forearm @ elbow joint

nerve: radial nerve

49
Q

supinator

A

origin:
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
proximal ulna (supinator crest of the ulna)

insertion:
proximal 1/3 of the posterior, lateral, and anterior sides of the radius

action;
supination of the forearm @ radioulnar
flexion of the forearm @ elbow joint

nerve:
radial nerve

MASTER MUSCLES (4 decks)

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