Upper Extremity Flashcards
Mobile joint
upper extremity
prehensile organ (body part or organ that is adapted for seizing or grasping, especially by wrapping around)
hand
BONES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE
1) Clavicle
2) Scapula
3) Humerus
- Flat, triangular bone
- Lies between T2 – T7
scapula
- only attachment of UE to trunk
- saddle joint– 2 planes;2* of freedom
- (+) articular disc
sternoclavicular joint
- Ant and post sternoclavicular lig.
- Interclavicular lig
- Costoclavicular lig
ligaments of sternoclavicular joint
ligament strong; primary stability
costoclavicular ligament
Motion
- contraction (serratus anterior)
- retraction (trapezius and rhomboid)
- elevation (trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, rhomboid)
- depression (pectoralis minor and subclavius)
sternoclavicular
plane joint
acromioclavicular
- Superior and inferior acromioclavicular lig
- Coracoclavicular lig
acromioclavicular joint
conoid and trapezoid
coracoclavicular ligament
gliding movements takes place when the scapula rotates or when the clavicle is elevated or depressed
acromioclavicular joint
- (+) glenoid labrum
- ball & socket joint; 3 degrees of freedom
- very mobile but limited stability
glenohumeral joint
- Glenohumeral lig
- Transverse humeral lig
- Coracohumeral lig
- Coracoacromial lig
glenohumeral joint
Z-band; 3 fibers; weak
glenohumeral ligament
Motions:
- flexion,
- extension,
- abduction,
- adduction,
- IR,
- ER
glenohumeral joint
- Elevation
- Depression
- Protraction / abduction Retraction / adduction
- Upward rotation
- Downward rotation
scapular motions
2:1 ratio for abduction
scapulo-humeral mechanism
muscles
UE (scapula / humerus)
vertebral column
muscles
Humerus
scapula
muscles
UE
thoracic wall
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
- LevatorScapulae
- Rhomboid minor
- Rhomboid major
back to upper ex
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Subscapularis
scapula to humerus
Subclavius
Pectoralismajor
Pectoralisminor
thoracic wall to upper ex
- Pyramid-shaped
- passage of nerves, blood and lymph vessels
axilla
Strong sheet of connective tissue that is attached above to the clavicle
Splits to enclose pecs minor
Continues downward as suspensory ligament
clavipectoral fascia
- Intermuscular space below shoulder joint
- Axillary nerve and post circumflex artery
quadrangular space
Muscles: Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis Blood Supply: brachial artery
Nerve supply: musculocutaneous n.
anterior fascial compartment
musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerve
Brachial artery and basilic vein
Radial nerve in lower part
anterior fascial compartment
Muscle: triceps Nervesupply: radial nerve
Blood supply: profunda brachii and ulnar collateral artery
Structures: radial nerve (upper part) and ulnar nerve
posterior compartment
synovial hinge joint
humeroradial joint
- aka “Humeroulnar joint”
- synovial hinge joint
elbow joint
- Flexion
- Extension
elbow joint
- lateral ligament
- medial ligament
- anterior and posterior transverse
elbow joint
- synovial pivot joint
- annular ligament
- pronation
- supination
proximal radiulnar joint
- synovial pivot joint
- anterior & posterior ligament
- pronation
- supination
distal radioulnar joint
Superficial: Pronator teres, FCR, Palmaris longus, FCU Intermediate: FDS
Deep: FDP, FPL and Pronator quadratus
Nerve supply: Median n. (except FCU and med 1⁄2 of FDP)
Blood supply: radial and ulnar a.
anterior fascial compartment (forearm)
Muscles: Brachioradialis, ECRL
Nerve Supply: Radial n.
Blood supply: Radial and brachial a.
lateral fascial compartment (forearm)
Superficial: ECRB, ED, EDM, ECU, Aconeus
Deep : Supinator, APL, EPB, EPL, EI
Nervesupply: deepbranch of radial n.
Blood supply: post. & ant. interosseus a.
posterior fascial compartment (forearm)
Boundaries:
Med: pronator teres
Lat: brachioradialis
Sup: imaginary line bet 2 epicondyles
Contents: brachial a.
median n. radial n. biceps tendon
cubital fossa
- formed bet olecranon & medial
epicondyle - ulnar n. passes through
cubital tunnel
-Proximal row(lat to med.):
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, & pisiform -Distal row:
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate,& hamate
Metacarpals
Phalanges
8 carpals