Upper Extremity Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What composes pectoral girdle?
A
Scapulae, clavicle, manubrium of sternum
2
Q
What composes superior appendicular skeleton
A
pectoral girdle and free part of upper limb
3
Q
Where does the superior appendicular skeleton articulate?
A
Sternoclavicular joint— this allows great mobility
4
Q
What shape is the clavicle in?
A
S shape with sternal end and acromial end
5
Q
Where does sternal end of clavicle connect?
A
Sternoclavicular joint
6
Q
Where does acromial end of clavicle articulate?
A
Acromioclavicular joint
7
Q
What does the boundary for cervico-axillary canal do?
A
Provide protection to neurovascular bundle for upper extremity
8
Q
What is the benefit to the s shape of the clavicle?
A
Allow bumps and bruises without breaking
9
Q
Where does the scapula lie in the body?
A
2nd-7th ribs
10
Q
Which border of scapula is thickest?
A
Lateral
11
Q
Where does the scapula articulate with head of humerus?
A
Glenohumeral joint
12
Q
2 important facts for humerus?
A
Largest bone in upper limb
Radial groove is for radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
13
Q
3 facts ulna
A
Main part of arm- medial
Stabilizing bone of forearm
Shaft is thick but tapers distally
14
Q
Radius in comparison to ulna
A
Lateral to ulna and shorter.
Shaft gradually enlarges as it passes distally
Pronation of arm– radius crosses ulna
15
Q
What is action and innervation of pectoralis major?
A
Action: adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
16
Q
What is action and innervation of pectoralis minor?
A
Action: Stabilizes scapula inferioraly and anteriorly
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve
17
Q
What is action and innervation of subclavius muscle?
A
Action: anchors clavicle
Innervation- subclavian nerve
18
Q
What is action and innervation of serratus anterior?
A
Action: Holds scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve
19
Q
What is action and innervation for trapezius
A
Action: Superior portion- elevated; inferior portion- depresses; middle- retracts
Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
20
Q
What is action and innervation of latissimus dorsi
A
Action: extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
21
Q
What is action and innervation for levator scapulae
A
Action: Elevates scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
22
Q
What is action and innervation of rhomboid minor and major?
A
Action: retracts scapula and fix scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
23
Q
What is action and innervation of deltoid?
A
Action: flexes, medially rotates shoulder; abducts shoulder joint; extends and leterally rotates shoulder
Innervation: axillary nerve
24
Q
What is action and innervation of supraspinatus?
A
Action: abduction of shoulder, rotator cuff muscle
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
25
What is action and innervation of infraspinatus?
Action: laterally rotates shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
26
What is action and innervation of teres minor?
Laterally rotates shoulder cuff, rotator cuff muscle
Innervation: Axillary nerve
27
What is action and innervation of teres major?
Action: Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
Innervation: Inferior subscapular nerve
28
What is action and innervation of subscapularis?
Action: Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle
Innervation: superior and inferior subscapular nerve
29
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
30
What is action and innervation of biceps brachii?
Action: Supinates forearm and flexes elbow join
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
31
What is action and innervation of brachialis?
Action: Flexes elbow
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
32
What is action and innervation of coracobrachialis
Action: Flex and adduct shoulder joint
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
33
What is action and innervation of triceps brachii?
Action: extends elbow join
Innervation: Radial nerve
34
What is action and innervation of anconeus muscle>?
Action: Assists triceps
Innervation: Radial nerve
35
What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles?
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior
36
What are the posterior axio-appendicular muscles?
Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, Levator scapulae, Rhomboid minor, rhomboid major
37
What are the scapulohumeral muscles?
Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis
38
What are the muscles of the anterior arm compartment?
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
39
What are muscles of the posterior arm compartment
Triceps brachii
| Anconeus
40
What are the superficial muscles of the forearm in the anterior compartment?
Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
41
What is action/innervation of pronator teres
Action: pronates and flexes forearm
Innervation: Median nerve
42
What is action/innervation of flexor carpi radialis
Action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Innervation: median nerve
43
Action/innervation of palmaris longus?
Action: flexes hand at wrist
Innervation: median nerve
44
A/I Flexor carpi ulnaris
Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist
Innervation: ulnar nerve
45
A/I Flexor digitorum superficialis
Action: flexes wrist join; flexes proximal phalnages at metacarpophalangeal join
Innervation: median nerve
46
What are the deep muscles of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
pronator guadratus
47
A/I Flexor digitorum profundus
Action: flexes wrist joint, flexes distal interphalangeal joints (2-5th)
Innervation: Median nerve (lateral part) ; Ulnar nerve (medial part)
48
A/I Flexor pollicis longus
Action: flexes wrist; flexes thumb
Innervation: Median nerve
49
A/I Pronator quadratus
Action: pronates forearm
Innervation: ,median nerve
50
A/I brachioradialis
Action: Weak flexion of elbow
Innervation: Radial nerve
51
A/I Extensor carpi radialis longus
Action: extend and abduct wrist joint
Innervation: radial nerve
52
A/I Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Aciton: extend and abduct wrist joint
Innervation: Radial nerve
53
A/I Extensor digitorum
Action: extend wrist joint; extend medial 4 fingers
Innervation: radial nerve
54
A/I Extensor digiti minimi
Action: extend wrist joint; extends 5th finger
Innervation: Radial nerve
55
A/I Extensor carpi ulnaris
Action: extends and adducts wrist joint
Innervation: Radial nerve
56
A/I supinator?
Action: supinates forearm
Innervation: Radial nerve
57
A/i abductor pollicis longus
Action: extends wrist; abducts and extends the thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
58
A/I Extensor pollicis longus
Action: extends wrist; extends thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
59
a/i Extensor pollicis brevis
Action: extends wrist; extends thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
60
A/I Extensor indicis
Action: extends wrist joint; extends 2nd finger
Innervation: Radial nerve
61
Median nerve actions for hand
Abducts thumb
Opposes thumb
flexes thumb
flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of 2nd-4th finger
62
Ulnar nerve actions for hand
Adducts thumb
Abducts 5th finger
Flexes 5th finger
Opposes 5th finger towards thumb
63
Radial nerve actions for hand
Extends fingers and thumb
64
What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
Anterior rami of C5-T1; pass between anterior and middle sclalene muscles
Division: Inferior part of neck-> lateral border of the scalenes
65
What are the trunks of the brachial plexus
Named in relation to each other. Superior, middle, inferior
Division: Cervico-axillary canal posterior to clavicle/1st rib
66
What are the divisons of brachial plexus?
Anterior divisions supply the anterior (flexor) compartments of upper limb. Posterior division supply posterior (extensor) compartment of upper limb
Division: first rib-->pectoral minor muscle
67
What are the cords in brachial plexus?
Named for position in relation to axillary artery (Lateral, posterior, medial)
Divison: calvicle acromial end--> ends at axilla
68
What are branches of brachial plexus?
Terminal nerves of brachial plexus: Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar
Divison: after axilla
69
Where does the brachial plexus divide the various secitons?
Roots--> Trunks: inferior part of neck, lateral border of scalenes
Trunks--> division: cervico-axillary canal posterior to clavicle/1st rib
Divison--> Cords: pectoral minor muscle
Cords--> terminal branches: axilla
70
Dorsal Scapular nerve innervation? Where does it branch from?
Branches from ROOTS (C5)
Innervation: Rhomboid major/minor; levator scapulae muscles
71
Long thoracic Nerve innervation? Where does it branch from?
Branches from ROOTS (C5-C7)
Innervation: Serratus Anterior muscle
72
Suprascapular nerve innervation? Where does it branch from?
Branches from TRUNKS ( Superior trunk/C5-C6)
Innervation: Supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscle
73
Nerve to subclaivus innervation? Where does it branch from
Branches from TRUNKS (Superior trunk C5)
Innervation: subclavius muscle
74
Lateral pectoral nerve innervation? Where does it branch from?
Branches from LATERAL CORD (c5-c7)
Innervation: Pectoralis major muscle
75
Medial Pectoral nerve innervation? Where does it branch from?
Branches from MEDIAL CORD (C8-T1)
Innervation: Pectoralis major and minor muscle
76
Medial Brachial cutaneous nerve? Where does it branch from?
Branches from MEDIAL CORD (C8-T1)
Innervation: Sensory to medial side of arm
77
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve? Where does it branch from?
Branches from MEDIAL CORD (C8-T1)
Innervation: Sensory to medial side of forearm
78
Superior subscapular nerve innervation? Where does it branch from?
Branches from POSTERIOR CORD (C5-C6)
Innervation: subscapularis muscle
79
Thoracodorsal nerve innervation? Branches from?
Branches from POSTERIOR CORD (C7-C8)
Innervation: Latissimus dorsi muscle
80
Inferior subscapular nerve innervation? Branches from?
Branches from POSTERIOR CORD (C5-C6)
Innervation: Subscapularis and teres major muscles
81
Pathway of musculocutaneous nerve anterior compartment of arm?
Terminal branch of brachial plexus. Pierces coracobrachialis muscle, supplies innervation to brachialis and biceps brachii. Continues as purely sensory nerve as the lateral cutaneous muscle of forearm.
82
Pathway of median nerve in anterior compatment of arm?
Terminal branch of brachial plexus. Follows brachial artery, distal branch of axillary artery
83
Pathway of ulnar nerve in anterior compartment of arm?
Terminal branch of brachial plexus. Courses behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus bone.
84
Pathway of axillary nerve in posterior compartment of arm?
Enters posterior comparment though guadrangular space formed by teres minor, teres major, humerus and long head of triceps brachii.
85
Pathway of radial nerve in posterior compartment of arm?
Enters posterior compartment though triangular interval formed by teres major, humerus, long head and lateral head of triceps brachii.
86
Pathway of radial nerve in anterior compartment of forearm?
Joins up and follow sradial artery along lateral aspect of forearm
87
Pathway of ulnar nerve in anterior comparmtent of forearm?
Joins up with ulnar artery along medial anterior aspct of forearm
88
Pathway of median nerve in anterior compartment of forearm?
Follows course of common interosseus artery (branch of ulnar artery)
89
Parthway of radial nerve in posterior compartment of forearm?
Deep branch of radial nerve bcomes posterior interosseous nerve.
90
Injury to long thoracic nerve causes?
"Winged scapula" Paralysis of serratus anterior results in medial border of scapula to protrude away from body
91
Injury to musculocutaneous nerve?
Sensory impairment- lateral surface of forearm
Paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis--> impaired flexion and supination of forearm
92
Injury to axillary nerve?
Sensory impariemnt: lateral surface of shoulder
Motor: Shoulder weakness, especially abduction
93
Injury to radial nerve?
"Waiter's tip hand"
Sensory: posterior surface of forearm, posterior thumb and first 2 1/2 fingers (not distal join)
Motor: paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, extensors of wrist and fingers--> wrist drop
94
Injury to median nerve?
"Pope hand"-- think pope is "median"
Sensory deficits: anterior thumb, palmer surface, ant first 2 1/2 fingers, posterior distal joint of first 2 1/2 fingers
Motor deficit: loss of thumb opposition, decreased abduction of thumb, loss of flexion of proximal and distal interphalnageal joints
95
Injury to ulnar nerve?
Snesory: medial surface ofhand/palm. Medial 1 1/2 fingers
Motor: loss of flexion at 4th and 5th finger, loss of thumb adduciton, loss of ability to oppose and abduct 5th fingers "claw hand"
96
Pathway of arterial supply of upper extremity?
Subclavian artery--> axillary artery--> brachial artery--> four terminal branches
97
4 terminal branches of UE arterial supply?
1) Ulnar artery
2) Radial artery
3) anterior interosseous artery
4) posterior interosseous artery
98
Where does axillary artery start?
Lateral margin of 1st rib to the intferior border of teres major muscle
99
The dorsal scapular artery is a direct branch of which artery?
Subclavian artery
100
Where does the brachial artery start?
Inferior border teres major to distal portion of cubital fossa
101
Ulnar and radial arteries provide collateral blood supply to hand through the ____
Palmar arch
102
Where do the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries provide blood supply to?
The anterior and posterior divisions of interosseous membrane
103
What does the radial artery follow?
Radial nerve
104
What does the ulnar artery follow?
Ulnar nerve
105
Where does the anterior interosseous artery follow?
Median nerve
106
Where does the posterior interosseous artery follow?
posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of radial nerve)
107
What do the palmar and dorsal venous networks drain to?
Basilic (medial) and cephalic (lateral) veins
108
What bridges the cephalic and basilic veins?
Median cubital veins
109
What does the basilic vein become?
Axillary vein
110
Where does the cephalic vein empty into?
Axillary vein
111
Axillary vein turns into the ____
subclavian vein
