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Upper Extremity Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Brachial Plexus - Supraclavicular parts

A

A. Ventral rami C5-T1

B. Trunks
1. upper: C5-C6

2. middle:  C7
3. lower:  C8-T1
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2
Q

Brachial Plexus - Deep to clavicle

A

A. Divisions—from each trunk

1. anterior—supplies flexors of upper extremity
2. posterior—supplies extensors of upper extremity
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3
Q

Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts

A

A. Cords—named in relation to axillary artery
1. lateral—upper and middle trunk anterior divisions

2. medial—lower trunk anterior division
3. posterior—all 3 trunks posterior divisions

B. Terminal branches

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4
Q

Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts - Terminal branches

Lateral cord

A
  1. Musculocutaneous n. supplies flexor compartment of arm

2. Median n. contribution—flexor compartment of forearm, thenar mm, lumbricals 1 & 2

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5
Q

Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts - Terminal branches

Medial cord

A
  1. Ulnar n. supplies flexor carpi ulnaris, FDP tendons 3&4, rest of intrinsic hand mm
  2. Median n. contribution—flexor compartment of forearm, thenar mm, lumbricals 1 & 2
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6
Q

Brachial Plexus - Infraclavicular parts - Terminal branches

Posterior cord

A
  1. Axillary n. supplies deltoid m. and teres minor m.

2. Radial n. supplies all extensors of arm and forearm

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7
Q

Superficial back muscles controlling the pectoral girdle

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Rhomboid major
  5. Rhomboid minor
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8
Q

Trapezius - superior, middle, & inferior fibers

A

ORIGIN: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line,
ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12

INSERTION: lat. 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

INERVATION: CN XI (spinal accessory n)

ACTION:

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9
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

ORIGIN: spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia,iliac crest, ribs 9-12

INSERTION: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

INNERVATION: thoracodorsal n. (C6, C7, C8)

ACTION:

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10
Q

Levator scapulae

A

ORIGIN: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4

INSERTION: medial border of scapula

INNERVATION: dorsal scapular n. (C5)

ACTION:

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11
Q

Rhomboid major

A

ORIGIN: spinous processes of T2-T5

INSERTION: medial border of scapula (below spine of scapula)

INNERVATION: dorsal scapular n. (C5)

ACTION:

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12
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

ORIGIN: spinous processes of C7 & T1, and nuchal ligament

INSERTION: medial border of scapula (above spine of scapula)

INNERVATION: dorsal scapular n. (C5)

ACTION:

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13
Q

Anterior chest muscles controlling the pectoral girdle/upper extremity

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Pectoralis minor
  3. Serratus anterior
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14
Q

Pectoralis major - clavicular head

A

ORIGIN: anterior medial 1/2 of clavicle

INSERTION: intertubercular groove (lateral lip)

INNERVATION: medial and lateral pectoral nn (C5-T1)

ACTION:

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15
Q

Pectoralis major - sternocostal head

A

ORIGIN: sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, ext. abd. oblique apon

INSERTION: intertubercular groove (lateral lip)

INNERVATION: medial and lateral pectoral nn (C5-T1)

ACTION:

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16
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

ORIGIN: ribs 3-5

INSERTION: coracoid process

INNERVATION: medial pectoral n. (C8-T1)

ACTION:

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17
Q

Serratus anterior

A

ORIGIN: external lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8

INSERTION: medial anterior border of scapula

INNERVATION: long thoracic n. (C 5, C6, C7)

ACTION:

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18
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
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19
Q

Supraspinatus

A

ORIGIN: supraspinous fossa of scapula

INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus

INNERVATION: suprascapular n. (C5)

ACTION:

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20
Q

Infraspinatus

A

ORIGIN: infraspinous fossa of scapula

INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus

INNERVATION: suprascapular n. (C5-C6)

ACTION:

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21
Q

Teres minor

A

ORIGIN: middle part of lateral border of scapula

INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus

INNERVATION: axillary n. (C5-C6)

ACTION:

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22
Q

Subscapularis

A

ORIGIN: subscapular fossa

INSERTION: lesser tubercle of humerus

INNERVATION: upper and lower subscapular nn (C5, C6, C7)

ACTION:

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23
Q

Other muscles controlling the glenohumeral joint

A
  1. Deltoid

2. Teres major

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24
Q

Deltoid - anterior, middle & posterior pts

A

ORIGIN: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

INSERTION: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

INNERVATION: axillary n. (C5-C6)

ACTION:

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25
Teres major
ORIGIN: inferior angle of scapula, dorsal surface INSERTION: intertubercular groove (medial lip) INNERVATION: lower subscapular n (C6) ACTION:
26
Anterior Arm Compartment
1. Biceps brachii 2. Brachialis 3. Coracobrachialis
27
Biceps brachii
ORIGIN: long head- supraglenoid tubercle short head- tip of coracoid process INSERTION: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis INNERVATION: musculocutaneous n. (C5-C6) ACTION:
28
Brachialis
ORIGIN: anterior, distal humerus INSERTION: coronoid process & tuberosity of ulna INNERVATION: musculocutaneous n. (C5-C7) ACTION:
29
Coracobrachialis
ORIGIN: tip of coracoid process of scapula INSERTION: middle 1/3 of medial surface humerus INNERVATION: musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6, C7) ACTION: **note: musculocutaneous n. pierces through coracobrachialis m.
30
Posterior Arm Compartment
Triceps brachii
31
Triceps brachii
ORIGIN: a. long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula b. lateral head - posterior lateral aspect of humerus c. medial head - posterior medial aspect of humerus INSERTION: olecranon process INNERVATION: radial n (C7-C8) ACTION:
32
Superficial flexor compartment
1. Pronator teres 2. Flexor carpi radialis 3. Palmaris longus 4. Flexor carpi ulnaris 5. Flexor digitorum superficialis
33
Pronator teres
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna INSERTION: middle lateral surface of radius INNERVATION: median n (C6-C7) ACTION:
34
Flexor carpi radialis
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: base of 2nd metacarpal INNERVATION: median n (C6-C7) ACTION:
35
Palmaris longus
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: flexor retinaculum; palmar aponeurosis INNERVATION: C7-C8 ACTION:
36
Flexor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: a. humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus b. ulnar head - olecranon; posterior ulna INSERTION: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal INNERVATION: ulnar n. (C7-C8) ACTION:
37
Flexor digitorum superficialis
ORIGIN: a. humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle, MCL, coronoid process b. radial head - anterior, superior radius INSERTION: middle phalanges #2-5 INNERVATION: median n. (C7-T1) ACTION:
38
Deep flexor compartment
1. Flexor digitorum profundus 2. Flexor pollicis longus 3. Pronator quadratus
39
Flexor digitorum profundus
ORIGIN: medial, anterior ulna; interosseous membrane INSERTION: bases of distal phalanges #2-5 INNERVATION: 1. medial part by ulnar n. (C8-T1) 2. lateral part by median n. (C8-T1) ACTION:
40
Flexor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: anterior radius; interosseous membrane INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of thumb INNERVATION: anterior interosseous n.(median n. C8-T1) ACTION:
41
Pronator quadratus
ORIGIN: distal 1/4 anterior ulna INSERTION: distal 1/4 anterior radius INNERVATION: anterior interosseous n.(median n. C8-T1) ACTION:
42
Superficial extensor compartment
1. Brachioradialis 2. Extensor carpi radialis longus 3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis 4. Extensor digitorum 5. Extensor digiti minimi 6. Extensor carpi ulnaris
43
Brachioradialis
ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus INSERTION: lateral distal radius INNERVATION: radial n. (C5, C6, C7) ACTION:
44
Extensor carpi radialis longus
ORIGIN: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus INSERTION: base of 2nd metacarpal INNERVATION: radial n. (C6-C7) ACTION:
45
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: base of 3rd metacarpal INNERVATION: deep branch of radial n. (C7-C8) ACTION:
46
Extensor digitorum
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: extensor expansions of digits 2-5 INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
47
Extensor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus INSERTION: extensor expansion of 5th digit INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
48
Extensor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior ulna INSERTION: base of 5th metacarpal INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
49
Deep extensor compartment
1. Abductor pollicis longus* 2. Extensor pollicis brevis* 3. Extensor pollicis longus* 4. Extensor indicis 5. Supinator **Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus are the muscular boundaries of the anatomical snuff box.
50
Abductor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane INSERTION: base of 1st metacarpal INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
51
Extensor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: posterior radius, interosseous membrane INSERTION: base of proximal phalanx of thumb INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
52
Extensor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: posterior ulna and interosseous membrane INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of thumb INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
53
Extensor indicis
ORIGIN: posterior ulna and interosseous membrane INSERTION: extensor expansion of 2nd digit INNERVATION: posterior interosseous n.(radial n. C7-C8) ACTION:
54
Supinator
ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus, annular ligament, radial collateral ligament, crest of ulna INSERTION: radius ->lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces INNERVATION: deep branch of radial n. C6-C8 ACTION:
55
Thenar muscles
1. Abductor pollicis brevis 2. Flexor pollicis brevis 3. Opponens pollicis
56
Abductor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium INSERTION: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb INNERVATION: recurrent branch of median n (C8-T1) ACTION:
57
Flexor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium INSERTION: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb INNERVATION: recurrent branch of median n (C8-T1) ACTION:
58
Opponens pollicis
ORIGIN: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium INSERTION: lateral side of 1st metacarpal INNERVATION: recurrent branch of median n (C8-T1) ACTION:
59
Adductor compartment Adductor pollicis
ORIGIN: a. oblique head - bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals, and capitate b. transverse head - anterior surface of body of 1st metacarpal INSERTION: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:
60
Hypothenar muscles
1. Abductor digiti minimi 2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis 3. Opponens digiti minimi
61
Abductor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: pisiform INSERTION: medial side, base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:
62
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
ORIGIN: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum INSERTION: medial side, base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:
63
Opponens digiti minimi
ORIGIN: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum INSERTION: medial border 5th metacarpal INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:
64
Short muscles of hand
1. Lumbricals 2. Dorsal interosseous 3. Palmar interosseous
65
Lumbricals
ORIGIN: a. 1 & 2 - lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundis b. 3 & 4 - medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundis INSERTION: lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5 INNERVATION: a. median n (C8, T1) b. deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:
66
Dorsal interosseous
ORIGIN: adjacent sides of metacarpals INSERTION: extensor expansions &proximal phalanges 2-4 INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:
67
Palmar interosseous
ORIGIN: palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, 5 INSERTION: extensor expansions of digits, & proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, 5 INNERVATION: deep branch of ulnar n (C8, T1) ACTION:

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