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Anatomy 4 Test > Upper extremity joints > Flashcards

Upper extremity joints Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

shoulder complex

A

Four articulations involving
sternum, clavicle, ribs, scapula, and humerus

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2
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Saddle type synovial joint
Functions as a ball and socket

Articular disc connecting medial end of clavicle to the first costal cartilage and sternum

Thickening of the fibrous capsule form the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments

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3
Q

Costcoclavicular ligament

A

First rib and it’s costal cartilage to the anterior margin of the medial end of the clavicle

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4
Q

bloos supply of the sternoclavicular

A

Internal thoracic and suprascapular arteries

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5
Q

nerve supply of a sternoclavicular joint

A

Branches of medial supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4)
Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

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6
Q

sternoclavicular joint injuries

A

Less than 5% of shoulder girdle injuries are SC joint fractures, or dislocations

more common in children and adolescents

High energy mechanisms

Most cases involve the medial and the clavicle displaced anteriorly

Most treated non-operatively

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7
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Plane synovial joint

Junction of lateral end of clavicle to the acromion process of Scapula

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8
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

Strengthens lateral end of the clavicle by attaching to clavicle
Two parts trapezoid, and conoid

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9
Q

blood supply of acromioclavicular joint

A

Suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries

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10
Q

nerve supply of acromioclavicular joint

A

Lateral pectoral and axillary nerves

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11
Q

scapular dyskinesia

A

alteration in the normal position or motion of Sscapula during couple scapulohumeral movements

Present and 68 to 100% of shoulder injuries

Clinicians, observe, scapular, motion, and congruence during self-directed upper extremity movements

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12
Q

Scapular dyskinesia Kibler types

A

type 1- inferior angle prominence
Type 2- medial border prominence
Type 3- superior border prominence
Type 4- symmetrical normal

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13
Q

Scapulothoracic joint

A

not a true synovial joint

Muscular joint between convex surface of posterior thoracic cage, and concave surface of anterior Scapula

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14
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket synovial joint

Head of humerus and glenoid fossa

Both surface is covered by hyaline cartilage

Glenoid labrum deepens shallow socket of glenoid fossa for better fit

Superior portion of labrum blends with the tendon of long head of biceps brachii

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15
Q

slap tear

A

Superior labrum anterior to posterior tear

May occur due to
motor vehicle accident
Fall on outstretched arm
Forceful pull on arm
Rapid or forceful movement of arm
Shoulder dislocation

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16
Q

Glenohumeral joint capsule

A

fibrous capsule thing and loose allowing for wide ROM

lined by synovial membrane

extension of capsule from versa about the shoulder

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17
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the GH joint

A

Glenohumeral ligaments
transverse humeral ligament
Coracohumoral ligament

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18
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

Three fibrous bands found only on the internal aspect of the capsule

They radiate laterally from the supraglenoid tubercle into three bands, superior, middle and inferior

They function to strengthen the anterior capsule of the joint

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19
Q

transverse humeral ligament

A

Attaches from the greater to lesser tubercle, converting the groove into a canal

Maintains the position of the long head of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove, and the synovial sheath

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20
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

extending from the base of the coracoid to the anatomical neck of the humerus

Functions to strengthen the superior part of the capsule

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21
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A

Extrinsic ligament

Spans from the coracoid process to the acromion process

Helps form the coracoacromial arch which protects the humerus from superior displacement

Acromion, coracoid, and coracoacromial ligament form the arch

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22
Q

Subscapular bursa

A

located between subscapularis tendon and the neck of the scapula

Extension of the synovial capsule

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23
Q

subtendinois bursa

A

Extension of the synovial capsule under the transverse humoral ligament for protection of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon

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24
Q

Subacromial bursa

A

between acromion and supraspinatus tendon

Extends between deltoid, and the proximal end of the humerus to form the subdeltoid bursa

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25
Glenohumeral joint blood supply
Anterior and posterior circumflex, arteries and branches from the suprascapular artery
26
Glenohumeral nerve supply
Suprascapular, lateral pectoral and axillary nerve supply the glenohumeral joint
27
painful arc for acromioclavicular
170° to an 180
28
Painful arc for Glenohumeral
45-60 to 120
29
Scapulohumeral rhythm
After 30° of abduction rhythm is remarkably constant at 2:1 ratio every 3° of shoulder abduction… 2° comes from a Glenohumeral abduction and 1° comes from ST upward rotation
30
kinematic principles of Scapulohumeral abduction
1. 2:1 ratio of GH to ST motion 2. 60° of ST upward rotation result from simultaneous elevation of the clavicle at the SC joint, combine with the upward rotation of the scapula at the AC joint 3. clavicle retracts at SC joint during full SH abduction about 15°. 4. Sscapula posteriorly tells about 20° and externally rotate about 10°. 5. Clavicle, rotates, posteriorly around long axis. 6. humerus naturally externally rotate during SH abduction.
31
Long head of the biceps attaches to
Superior part of labrum and may contribute to slap lesions
32
elbow joint
Complex joint that involves three articulations collectively known as cubital articulation Humeroulnar, humeroradial 2 hinge joints proximal radioulnar pivot joint
33
intrinsic ligaments of the elbow joint
Consist of collateral ligaments on the medial and lateral sides that are thickening of the fibrous capsule Ulnar collateral radial collateral
34
Ulnar collateral ligament
anterior posterior and oblique These three bands extend from the medial epicondyle to the coronoid and olecranon processes Anterior band is the strongest Posterior is the weakest Oblique band deepens the socket for the trochlea of the humerus
35
Radial collateral
Extends from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament
36
annular ligament
Thickening of the capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint, which encircles and holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna Allows for pronation and supination with dislocation
37
subcutaneous olecranon bursa
Between the skin and the olecranon
38
subtendinous olecranon bursae
Between the tricep tendon and olecranon
39
intratendinous olecranon bursa
Sometimes present in tendon of the triceps brachii
40
Radioulnar bursae
Between extensor digitorum, radiohumeral joint, and the supinator muscle
41
bicipitoradial bursae
between the biceps tendon, and the anterior part of the radial tuberosity
42
blood supply of the elbow joint
Anastomosis around the joint
43
Nerve supply of the elbow joint
Musculotaneous, radial and ulnar nerves
44
hinge joint action joints
Humeroradial Humeroulnar Flexion and extension
45
normal carrying angle
Females: 10 to 15° Males : 5 to 10°
46
cubitus valgas
Greater than 15°
47
Cubitus varus
less than 5° Gunstock
48
Radiocarpal joint involves
Distal end of the radius Scaphoid Lunate TFCC
49
main function of TFCC
Separate joint cavities of the Radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints
50
Proximal radioulnar joint
Head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna radius is held in place by the strong annular ligament Ligament is lined with synovial membrane to decrease fiction build up and prevent disruption of the capsule
51
proximal radioulnar, joint movements
Head of the radius rotates from within the annual ring created by the ligament Rotation allows for supination and pronation of the hand
52
Blood supply of the proximal radioulnar joint
Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
53
Innervation of the proximal radioulnar joint
Musculocutaneous Radial Median
54
Distal radioulnar joint
pivot joint with radius, moving around the relatively fixed distal end of the ulna Fibrocartilaginous Articular disc which binds the radius to the ulna, and is sometimes referred to as the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)
55
Blood supply of distal radioulnar joint
Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
56
innervation of distal radioulnar joint
Anterior and posterior interosseous nerve
57
triarticular forearm complex
consist of proximal middle and distal radioulnar joint
58
Radiocarpal joint
Condyloid synovial joint Fibrous capsule surrounding the joint and attaching to the distal end of the radius and ulna, and the proximal row of carpal bones Lined synovial membrane
59
Intrinsic ligaments of radiocarpal joint
Palmar Radiocarpal ligament Dorsal Radiocarpal lig Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament
60
Palmar Radiocarpal ligament
Extend from the radius to the two rows of carpal bones These strong ligaments support that joint and direct the hand to follow the radius during supination of the forearm
61
dorsal radiocarpal ligament
dorsal surface and provide similar function as the Palmar ligaments
62
Ulnar collateral ligament
Attached at the ulnar styloid process and extends to triquetrum strengthening the medial aspect of the capsule
63
Radial collateral ligament
Attaches to the radial styloid process and the scaphoid Strengthening the lateral aspect of the joint capsule
64
The articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint intervenes between
The head of the ulna and the carpals
65
blood supply of the radiocarpal joint
Dorsal and Palmar arches
66
innervation of Radiocarpal joint
Anterior interosseous nerve Posterior interosseous nerve Ulnar nerve
67
kinematics of radiocarpal joint sagittal plane
Sagittal plane motion Best appreciated by seeing the rest as an articulated Central column Formed by linkages between Distal radius lunate Capitate Third metacarpal
68
Kinematics of radiocarpal joint frontal plane
ulnar and radial deviation Synchronous convex on concave rotations at Radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

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