Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Master the boards: Orthopedics > Upper extremity: Shoulder, Elbow, Forearm and hand > Flashcards

Upper extremity: Shoulder, Elbow, Forearm and hand Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How does Subacromial Impingement Syndrome present?

A

Pain with abduction, internal rotation and overhead activities: leads to rotator cuff tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Special Test(S) are used for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ?

A

Neer
Hawkins
Painful Arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you diagnose Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you manage Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ?

A

Conservative; Corticosteroid Injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does Rotator Cuff Tear Present?

A

Result of trauma fall/FOOSH and or chronic inpingement
Supraspinatus is most commonly torn: pain first 15 degrees of abduction
weakness and pain with abduction and external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the muscle most commonly involved in Rotator Cuff Tear?

A

Supraspinatus: first 15 degrees of Abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the special tests for Rotator Cuff Tear?

A

Jobe: Empty can
Drop arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you diagnose Rotator Cuff Tear?

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you manage Rotator Cuff Tear?

A

Surgery for full-thickness tear or failed conservative treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Biceps Tendinitis and Rupture present?

A

Tendinitus: overuse injury in adults >40: often associated with other Shoulder pathology
-most common in proximal long head of biceps in bicipital groove

Rupture: pain, audible snap, ecchymosis, Visibly bulge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the special tests for Biceps Tendinitis and Rupture ?

A

Speed
Yergason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you diagnose Biceps Tendinitis and Rupture ?

A

Clinical
US or MRI to aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you manage Biceps Tendinitis and Rupture ?

A

Tendinitis: conservative +/- Corticosteroid injection

Rupture: Surgical reattachment in young patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) Present?

A

Active and passive ROM restricted >50% in all planes: stiffness exceeds pain

Due to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, contracture of joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What special tests are used for Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?

A

Limited AROM and PROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you diagnose Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?

A

Clinical
Imaging can help confirm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you treat Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)?

A

Physical therapy
manipulation under anesthesia
OMT: Spencer technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does AC separation present?

A

Pain with palpation over AC joint and adduction of arm

Usually result of massive force on adducted arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What special test is used for AC separation?

A

Cross-arm adductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you diagnose AC sepearation?

A

X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you treat AC separation?

A

Types 1-2: no clavicular displacement: conservative + sling

Types 3-6: ORIF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does DJD of the Glenohumeral joint present?

A

Pain with abduction and internal rotation but uncommon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what special test is used for DJD of the Glenohumeral joint?

A

Limited AROM and PROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you diagnose DJD of the Glenohumeral joint?

A

x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How do you treat DJD of the Glenohumeral joint?
Conservative Arthroplasty: replacement
26
How does Labral or SLAP (Superior labrum anterior to posterior) tear present?
Shoulder instability: pain, locking, clicking. Overuse Associated with biceps tendon rupture "dead arm syndrome"
27
What special test is used for Labral or SLAP (Superior labrum anterior to posterior) tear?
O'Brien load and shift
28
How do you diagnose Labral or SLAP (Superior labrum anterior to posterior) tear?
MRI
29
How do you manage Labral or SLAP (Superior labrum anterior to posterior) tear?
PT to strengthen Arthroscopic surgery if refractory
30
How does an anterior GH dislocation present?
Most common: risk of axillary nerve damage: arm held in abduction with external rotation Commonly caused by FOOSh
31
How does a posterior GH dislocation present?
Uncommon: result of seizure or electrocution: arm held adducted and internally rotated
32
What special tests are used for GH dislocation?
Observation Apprehension test
33
How do you diagnose GH dislocation?
Initial: X-ray Most accurate: MRI
34
How do you treat GH dislocation?
Reduction followed by sling Surgery for repeat occurences
35
How does a Clavicular Fracture present?
Trauma (FOOSH)
36
What special test is used for a calvicular fracture?
Palpation
37
How do you diagnose a clavicular fracture?
X-ray Angiogram for vascular injury if NV compromise is suspected -Subclavian artery and brachial plexus
38
How do you treat a clavicular fracture?
Simple arm sling ORIF for severe displacement
39
What is the Neer test?
Subacromial impingement syndrome One hand on pt's scapula, internally rotate arm and flex arm to ear Pain = positive
40
What is the Hawkins-Kennedy Test?
Subacromial impingement test Place pts arm in 90 shoulder flexion with elbow flexed to 90 and internally rotate the arm pain = positive
41
What is the Job/Empty Can test?
Test rotator cuff tear: Supraspinatus Flex arm to 90: abduct to 45: internally rotate with thumb down Resisted flexion causing pain = positive
42
What is the cross arm/adductor test?
Test for AC joint separation/tear Forward elevation to 90 and active adduction Pain = positive
43
What is another name for lateral epicondylitis?
Tennis elbow
44
What is the most common cause of elbow pain?
Lateral epicondylitis
45
How does lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) present?
Pain over the distal lateral epicondyle that radiates into the forearm and increases with repetitive supination or forearm extension Often causes weak grip
46
What is the cause of lateral epicondylitis (Tennis elbow)?
Microtrauma to the common extensor origin or the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
47
What is pain with passive wrist flexion with the arm extended suggestive of?
lateral epicondylitis
48
What are other names for Medial Epicondylitis?
Golfer's elbow, Little leaguer's elbow, pitcher's elbow
49
How does Medial Epicondylitis present?
Pain over the medial epicondyle that increases with repetitive or excessive forearm valgus stresss or pronation
50
What causes Medial Epicondylitis?
Microtrauma to the common flexor tendon
51
How do you diagnose Lateral Epicondylitis?
Pain with passive wrist flexion, resisted supination, or forearm extension
52
How do you diagnose Medial Epicondylitis?
Pain with resisted wrist flexion and pronation
53
How do you treat epicondylitis?
NSAIDS, rest, physical therapy, ineleastic counterforce sleeve, corticosteroid injection into common tendons
54
How does De Quervain Tenosynovitis Present?
Pain and tenderness over the radial side of the wrist
55
What is the cause of De Quervain Tenosynovitis?
overuse injury from repeated thumb abuction and extension: pain from inflammation of the tendons of the EPB and APL in the snuffbox
56
What are common historical clues to De Quervain Tenosynovitis?
New mother always holding her baby, bowling and texting
57
What is the best initial test for De Quervain Tenosynovitis?
Finkelstein test: have pt flex thumb into palm making a fist then ulnarly deviate the wrist pain = positive test
58
How do you treat De Quervain Tenosynovitis?
Conservative: spica splint, NSAIDs and corticosteroid injection
59
What is the most common cause of a scaphoid fracture?
FOOSH: Fall on outstretched hand
60
What is a potential complication of scaphoid fracture?
avascular necrosis due to unusual blood supply distal to proximal from the radial artery
61
How does a scaphoid fracture commonly present?
Pain with palpation over the anatomic snuffbox
62
What is the best initial test for a scaphoid fracture?
Plain X-ray: if fracture is not seen immobilize in thumb spica splint for 10-14 days then repeat x-ray
63
What can make the immediate diagnose of a scaphoid fracture?
MRI or CT but not the best initial test CT: best for patients still symptomatic after 4-6 weeks of treatment
64
How do you treat a nondisplaced scaphoid fracture?
Thumb spica cast for 6+ weeks
65
How do you treat a displaced (>2mm) scaphoid fracture?
ORIF

Master the boards: Orthopedics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions