Upper Extremity/Trunk

Question 1

Scalenes action? Nerve?

Answer 1

• laterally flex neck
• elevate their respective rib
• spinal nerves C4-C6

Question 2

What emerges between anterior and middle parts of the scalnes?

Answer 2

The brachial plexus

Question 3

What could impair the passage of the brachial plexus?

Answer 3

muscle hypertrophy

Question 4

sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) action? Nerve?

Answer 4

• sidebending neck/head to same side
• rotation of head to opposite side
• accessory nerve

Question 5

• What are the muscles of mastication?
• What do the muscles of mastication do?
• Nerve?

Answer 5

• large masseter
• temporalis pterygoid
• They move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint (close the mouth, clench the teeth)
• fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal)

Question 6

What is the strongest jaw muscle?

Answer 6

large masseter

Question 7

What does the temporalis muscle do?

Answer 7

assists in elevation of the mandible.

Question 8

What does the pterygoid muscle do?

Answer 8

• elevate
• depress, or protract the mandible or slide it from side to side

Question 9

What is lateral excursion?

Answer 9

Movement of the jaw from side to side.

Question 10

What makes Rectus capitis posterior minor so interesting?

Answer 10

Its high density of muscle spindles and its role in proprioception of both the head and cervical spine. Damage may lead to imbalance.

Question 11

What nerve and artery is in the suboccipital triangle that could lead to headaches?

Answer 11

• suboccipital nerve
• Vertebral artery

Question 12

Which muscles are in the superficial layer of the back?

Answer 12

• lats
• trapezius
• levator scapulae
• rhomboids

Question 13

Which muscles are in the intermediate layer of the back?

Answer 13

• splenius capitis
• splenius cervicis
• iliocostalis
• longissimus
• spinalis

Question 14

Which muscles are in the deep layers of the back?

Answer 14

transversospinalis

Question 15

What movements does the superficial layer of the back produce?

Answer 15

limb movement

Question 16

What movements does the deep layer of the back produce?

Answer 16

spinal movement and therefore stabilization

Question 17

Posterior serratus superior action?

Answer 17

elevates ribs

Question 18

Posterior serratus inferior action?

Answer 18

depresses ribs

Question 19

• rotatores brevis and longus action?
  
  • Bilateral
  • Unilateral

Answer 19

• bilateral: extension T-spine
• unilateral: rotation to opposite side

Question 20

• multifidus action?
  
  • bilateral?
  • unilateral?

Answer 20

• bilateral: extends spine
• unilateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates to opposite side

Question 21

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis action?

Answer 21

• extends spine and head
• unilateral: flexes to same side

Question 22

become tight and very painful in FHP

Answer 22

splenius capitis and cervicis

Question 23

splenius capitis and cervicus action?

Answer 23

• Lateral flexion w/ slight rotation
• Together head extension

Question 24

Rectus abdominis action? Nerve?

Answer 24

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen thoracic nerve

Question 25

Pyramidalis action? Nerve?

Answer 25

tenses linea alba Subcostal nerve

Question 26

External oblique action? bilateral? unilateral?

Answer 26

unilateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side bilateral: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen -Branches of 8-12 (thoracic) intercostal -iliohypogastric -ilioinguinal

Question 27

Internal oblique action? Nerve?

Answer 27

* Trunk flexion * lateral flexion * rotation to the same side * thoracic intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal

Question 28

Transversus abdominis action? Nerve?

Answer 28

* unilateral rotates trunk to same side * bilateral compresses abdomen * thoracic intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal

Question 29

Explain how the diaphragm works in inspiration:

Answer 29

When it contracts it: * pushes downward and spreads out * increasing vertical dimension of the chest cavity * increases abdominal pressure * drives abdominal contents down and out * increases the transverse size of the chest cavity * pulls the pleura with it * lowers pleural pressure * alveolar pressure drops * air flows into the lungs

Question 30

Explain how the diaphragm works in expiration:

Answer 30

* relaxes and returns to its equilibrium position * diaphragm moves a centimeter or two up and down.

Question 31

Diaphragm during exercise:

Answer 31

* becomes an active process * the abdominal muscles contract to raise abdominal pressure * pushes diaphragm upward * forces air out of the lungs * moves more than 10 cm

Question 32

Diaphragm innervation:

Answer 32

phrenic nerve

Question 33

* External intercostals action? * Inernal intercostals action?

Answer 33

* External intercostals * Inspiration * Inernal intercostals * interchondral portion: inspiration * interosseous portion: forced expiration

Question 34

Muscles of deep inspiration:

Answer 34

* diaphragm * external intercostals * interchondral portion of internal intercostals * SCM * scaleni * serratus posterior * superior levatores costarum * pectoralis minor * trapezius (upper fibers) * levator scapulae * thoracic spine extensors

Question 35

Muscles of forced expiration:

Answer 35

* interosseous portion of internal intercostals * rectus abdominis * external and internal oblique abdominis * serratus posterior inferior * transversus thoracic * transverse abdominis * quadratus lumborum

Question 36

Suboccipital Triangle muscles:

Answer 36

* Rectus capitis posterior major * Obliquus capitis superior * Obliquus capitis inferior