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Path - Histopath > Upper GI pathology > Flashcards

Upper GI pathology Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

what type of epithelium found Lining the BODY and ANTRUM of the stomach?

A

columnar epithelium (foveolar)

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2
Q

what does the epithelium found in the BODY and ANTRUM of the stomach secrete?

A

mucin

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3
Q

which part of the stomach contains specialised glands in the lamina propria ?

A

Body

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4
Q

which part of the stomach does NOT contain specialised glands in the lamina propria ?

A

ANTRUM

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5
Q

what is the difference between a stomach ulcer and erosion?

A

Ulcer goes through muscularis, and erosion does NOT

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6
Q

what type of epithelium found in duodenum?

what cells too?

A

Glandular epithelium

with goblet cells

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7
Q

can we find goblet cells in the stomach?

A

NO

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8
Q

which cells infiltrate of histopath films in acute oesophagitis

A

neutrophils

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9
Q

a normal oesophagus has which type of glands?

A

submucosal glands

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10
Q

what is the z line?

A

• The Z-line is the point at which the epithelium transitions from being squamous TO columnar

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11
Q

where do you tend to see H. pylori-associated gastritis ?

A

• In the pyloric antrum and pyloric canal,

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12
Q

what is the usual cause of acute oesophagitis?

A

GORD

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease

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13
Q

complications of GORD/ reflux oesophagitis?

A 
ulceration
haemorrhage
perforation
stricture
Barrett’s oesophagus
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14
Q

what is the underlying process in Barretts oesophagus?

A

metaplastic process

normal squamous epithelium of the lower oesophagus gets replaced by columnar epithelium

• This is also known as columnar-lined oesophagus (CLO)

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15
Q

when goblet cells become visible in oesophagus this is called?

A

intestinal metaplasia

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16
Q

hanges showing some of the cytological and histological features of malignancy but with no invasion through the basement membrane is known as??

A

dysplasia

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17
Q

what comes next?

Metaplasia –> Dysplasia –> _____

A

cancer/adenocarcinoma (BM invasion)

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18
Q

which oesophageal carcinoma is associated with reflux?

which type of countries is this found?

A

adenocarcinoma

in Developed Countries

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19
Q

where does oesophageal adenocarcinoma typically present?

A

lower oesophagus

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20
Q

which is the commonest oesophageal cancer in Developing Countries?

which region of oesophagus

Study These Flashcards
A

Squamous Cell Carcinomaof the oesophagus

mid/lower

21
Q

difference between Adeno and SCC of oesophagus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Squamous cell cancers make keratin

and intercellular bridges

on histology

22
Q

cause of ACUTE Gastritis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Infection; h.pylori

Chemical; NSAIDs, alcohol, aspirin etc

23
Q

what is the ABC of chronic gastritis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Autoimmune, Bacteria, Chemical

Autoimmune (antiparietal antibodies etc. BODY)
Bacterial (H. pylori; Antrum )
Chemical (NSAIDs, bile reflux; antrum )

Metabolic disease is NOT a cause of chronic gastritis (so not alcohol)

24
Q

which part of the stomach does h. pylori attack?

25
which part of the stomach does bile reflux affect ?
antrum
26
what does it mean If you see lymphoid follicles in a stomach biopsy?
the patient has had an H. pylori infection (i.e. the presence of lymphoid follicles is NOT part of the normal stomach mucosa)
27
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) is found in which condition?
chronic gastritis
28
MALT increases the risk of?
lymphoma
29
Consequences of H. pylori associated gastritis?
CLO --> IM --> Dysplasia Adenocarcinoma (8 x increased risk) Lymphoma (MALToma)
30
which strain o bacteria is associated with more chronic inflammation?
cag-A-positive H.pylori
31
the Metaplasia-Dysplasia Pathway leads to cancer where?
§ E.g. oesophageal cancer
32
the Adenoma-Carcinoma pathway leads to cancer where?
colon cancer
33
hronic ulcers are accompanied by ??
scarring and fibrosis
34
is Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia malignant?
• Some of the cytological and histological features of malignancy are present, but there is no invasion through the basement membrane
35
>95% of all malignant tumours in the stomach are ?
ADENOCARCINOMAS
36
gastric cancers are present in which 2 forms?
intestinal | diffuse - poor differentiatoin
37
overall survival rate of gastric cancers is?
15%
38
name a LOW GRADE B CELL LYMPHOMA in stomach?
Gastric MALToma / Lymphoma
39
how to treat a gastric maltoma?
If limited to the stomach and H.pylori is present: H.pylori eradication
40
what is duodenitis?
Increased acid production in the stomach which spills over into duodenum causing Chronic inflammation
41
consequences of duodenitis?
1. gastric metaplasia ; Duodenum changes to gastric type tissue making it vulnerable to helicobacter (2) 3. hence ulcer
42
duodenal ulcers are benign/malignant? what inflame cells seen?
benign neutrohphils
43
Name 2 IMPORTANT pathogens affecting the duodenum?
Giardiasis Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) ○ CMV - like stomach ○ Cryptosporidium - like stomach
44
what histological features seen in coealics?
○ Villous atrophy - also flattening! ○ Crypt hyperplasia ○ Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes § Normal Range: < 20 per 100 enterocytes
45
2 antibody present in coeliacs?
endomysial antibodies and tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG)
46
when would a coeliac patient villi look normal?
*stopped gluten due to side effects so their villi may look normal.
47
Patients with coeliac disease have an increased risk of which cancers?
MALToma • These are T cell lymphomas EATL: Enteropathy Associated T-cell Lymphoma ○ NOTE: lymphomas in the stomach due to H. pylori are B cell lymphomas
48
in the stomach, there are NO crypts of Leiberkhun or just crypts as such. what is the gastric equivalent and where are they found?
gastric pits found just underneath the villi -> in the lamina propria which either conatain specialised/Non-specialised glands
49
signet ring cells are found in?
Gastric cancers (adenocarcinoma) particularly the diffuse poorly differentiated ones

Path - Histopath (21 decks)

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