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2 - MSK > Upper Leg Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Leg Anatomy Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

State the location of the patella

A

Knee cap located anterior to the knee joint within the patellofemural groove of the femur

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2
Q

State the ligaments connected to patella

A

Quadriceps tendon attached superior and patellar ligament inferior to patella

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3
Q

What are the functions of patella

A

Leg extension - enhances the leverage the quadriceps tendon has on the femur
Protection - protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from trauma

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4
Q

Describe the proximal end of the tibia

A

Medial and lateral epicondyle with intercondylar tubercules inbetween
Tibial tuberosity located on the anterior side

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5
Q

Describe the anatomy of the tibial shaft

A

Anterior side - tibial tuberosity
Posterior side - soleal line
Lateral side - interosseous membrane

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6
Q

Describe the anatomy of the distal end of the tibial shaft

A

Medial malleolus sticks out on medial side

Fibular notch on lateral side

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7
Q

Describe the anatomy of the fibula

A

There is a head, neck and facet for articulation with tibia on the proximal side
Lateral malleolus on distal side

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8
Q

State the components of the anterior thigh muscles

A

Iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus

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9
Q

What is the fascia lata

A

Deep fascia covering all the musculature of the thigh

Strong, extensible and elasticated stocking

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10
Q

What is the iliotibial tract and what are its functions

A

Longitudinal thickening of fascia lata and strengthened by gluteus maximus
Extensor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip, with an additional role in providing lateral stabilisation to the knee joint

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11
Q

Iliopsoas - AFI

A

Consists of psoas major and iliacus
Attachments - psoas major originates from lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus originates from iliac fossa of pelvis
Both insert into lesser trochanter of femur
Actions - flexes lower limb at hip and assists in lateral rotation at hip
Innervation - psoas major innervated by anterior rami of L1 - L3
Iliacus innervated by femoral nerve

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12
Q

What does the quadriceps femoris contain

A

Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris

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13
Q

Vastus lateralis - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from greater trochanter and inserts into patella through patellar tendon
Actions - extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella
Innervation - femoral nerve

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14
Q

Vastus intermedius - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from anterior and lateral surfaces of femoral shaft and insert into patella
Actions - extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella
Innervation - femoral nerve

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15
Q

Vastus medialis - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera and inserts into patella
Actions - extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella (prevent lateral displacement)
Innervation - femoral nerve

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16
Q

Rectus femoris - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from ilium and attaches to patella by quadriceps femoris tendon
Actions - flexes leg at the hip joint and extends at the knee joint
Innervation - femoral nerve

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17
Q

Sartorius - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from anterior superior iliac spine and attaches to superior, medial surface of the tibia
Actions - flexor, abductor and lateral rotator at hip joint
Flexor at knee joint
Innervation - femoral nerve

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18
Q

Pectineus - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from pectineal line on the anterior surface of pelvis
Attaches to pectineal line on posterior side of femur
Actions - adduction and flexion at the hip joint
Innervation - femoral nerve and obturator nerve

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19
Q

State the medial thigh muscles of the leg

A

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, gracilis

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20
Q

Adductor magnus - AFI

A

Divided into adductor and hamstring part
Attachments - adductor part originates from ischiopubic ramus and inserts to linea aspera of femur
Hamstring part originates form ischial tuberosity and attaches to adductor tubercle and medial supracondylar line of the femur
Actions - both adduct the thigh
Adductor component flexes the thigh, hamstring portion extends the thigh
Innervation - adductor part innervated by obturator nerve, hamstring part innervated by tibial nerve

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21
Q

Adductor longus - AFI

A

Attachments - originates from pubis, expands into fan shape and attaches to linea aspera of femur
Actions - adduction and medial rotation of thigh
Innervation - obturator nerve

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22
Q

Adductor brevis - AFI

A

Lies in-between anterior and posterior portions of obturator nerve
Attachments - originates from pubis and inferior pubic rami and attaches to linea aspera of femur
Actions - adduction of thigh
Innervation - obturator nerve

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23
Q

Obturator externus - AFI

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A

Attachments - originates from membrane of obturator foramen, passes under neck of femur and attaches to posterior aspect of greater trochanter
Actions - laterally rotates the thigh
Innervation - obturator nerve

24
Q

Gracilis - AFI

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A

Attachments - originates from inferior rami of pubis and attaches to greater trochanter of tibia
Actions - adduction of thigh at hip and flexion of leg at knee
Innervation - obturator nerve

25
State the borders of the femoral triangle
- Lateral border - medial border of sartorius - Medial border - medial border of adductor longus - thus also forms the floor - Superior border - inguinal ligament - Roof - fascia lata - Floor - adductor longus, iliopsoas, pectineus
26
State the components of the femoral triangle
Femoral nerve - innervates anterior compartment of thigh and provides sensory branches for the leg and foot Femoral artery - responsible for the majority of arterial supply to the lower limb Femoral vein - great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein within triangle Femoral canal - contains deep lymph nodes and vessels
27
State the position of the components within the femoral triangle
NAVEL | From lateral to medial - femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space, femoral canal
28
What is the significance of the empty space in the femoral canal
Empty space needed to allow veins and lymph vessels to distend to cope with different levels of flow
29
What does the femoral sheath enclose
Femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal
30
Describe how you would palpate for the femoral artery and femoral vein
Palpate midway between the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine = femoral artery Femoral vein lies medial to femoral artery
31
Describe the lower limb arterial circulation
External iliac artery becomes femoral artery when it passes under inguinal ligament Profunda femoris artery arises from femoral artery and gives off 3 major branches Perforating branches - supply muscles on medial and posterior thigh Lateral femoral circumflex artery - supply some muscles of the lateral thigh Medial femoral circumflex artery - supply head and neck of femur
32
Describe the lower limb venous circulation
Great saphenous vein ascends up medial side of leg, passing anteriorly to medial malleolus at the ankle and passing posteriorly to medial condyle of knee Great saphenous vein drains into femoral vein
33
State the superficial gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, glutenis minimus, tensor fascia lata
34
Gluteus maximus - AFI
Attachments - originates from gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx Inserts into iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur Actions - main extensor of thigh and assists with lateral rotation Only used when force is required - running, climbing Innervation - inferior gluteal nerve
35
Gluteus medius - AFI
Attachments - originates from gluteal surface of ilium and inserts into lateral surface of greater trochanter Actions - abducts and medially rotates lower limb During movement, locks pelvis to prevent pelvis drop on opposite side Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
36
Gluteus minimus - AFI
Attachments - originates from ilium and converges to form a tendon which inserts to anterior side of greater trochanter Actions - abducts and medially rotates lower limb Helps secure pelvic position Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
37
Tensor fascia lata - AFI
Attachments - originates from anterior iliac crest and inserts into iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral condye of tibia Actions - assists gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation Innervation - superior gluteal nerve
38
State the deep gluteal muscles
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris
39
Piriformis - AFI
Attachments - originates from anterior surface of sacrum and inserts into greater trochanter of femur Actions - lateral rotation and abduction Innervation - nerve to piriformis
40
Obturator internus - AFI
Attachments - originates from pubis and ischium at obturator foramen and inserts to greater trochanter of femur Actions - lateral rotation and abduction Innervation - nerve to obturator internus
41
Superior gemelli - AFI
Attachments - originates form ischial spine and attaches to greater trochanter of femur Actions - lateral rotation and abducton Innervation - nerve to obturator internus
42
Inferior gemelli - AFI
Attachments - originates from ischial tuberosity and attaches to greater trochanter of femur Actions - lateral rotation and abducton Innervation - nerve to quadratus femoris
43
Quadratus femoris - AFI
Attachments - originates from lateral side of ischial tuberosity and attaches to quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest Actions - lateral rotation Innervation - nerve to quadratus femoris
44
State the muscles of the posterior thigh (hamstrings)
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
45
Describe the vasculature of the gluteal region
Superior gluteal nerve and artery and inferior gluteal nerve and artery
46
Biceps fermoris - AFI
Attachments - long head originates from ischial tuberosity of pelvis Short head originates from linea aspera on posterior surface of femur Heads form a tendon which insert into head of fibula Actions - flexion at knee and extends leg at hip Laterally rotates at hip and knee Innervation - long head innervated by tibial part of sciatic nerve Short head innervated by common fibular part of sciatic nerve
47
Semitendinosus - AFI
Attachments - originates from ischial tuberosity and attaches to medial surface of tibia Actions - flexion at leg and extension at hip Medially rotates thigh and leg Innervation - tibial part of sciatic nerve
48
Semimembranosus - AFI
Attachments - originates from ischial tuberosity and attaches to medial tibial condyle Actions - flexion of leg and extension of thigh Medially rotates thigh and leg Innervation - tibial part of sciatic nerve
49
State the position of semimembranosus and semitendinosus relative to each other
Semimembranosus more medial | Semitendinosus more superior (top)
50
Which muscles are involved in flexion
Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus (muscles at front)
51
Which muscles are involved in extension
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings - (semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris)
52
Which muscles are involved in abduction
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, deep gluteals
53
Which muscles are involved in adduction
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus, pectineus and gracillis
54
Which muscles are involved in medial rotation
Gluteus medius and minimus, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
55
Which muscles are involved in lateral rotation
Biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, deep gluteals - piriformis, superior & inferior gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris
56
Name the borders of the popliteal fossa
Superomedial border - semimembranosus Superolateral border - biceps femoris Inferomedial border - medial head of gastrocnemius Inferolateral border - lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
57
State the arrangement of the contents in the popliteal fossa
Medial to lateral - popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve

2 - MSK (19 decks)

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