Upper Limb Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Which muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are innervated by ulnar nerve?
A
Flexor digit-rum profundus (part and part medial nerve)
Flexor carpi ulnaris
2
Q
Lateral border of cubital fossa
A
BRACHIORADIALIS
3
Q
Medial border of cubital fossa
A
Pronator teres
4
Q
What muscles extend and abduct the hand at wrist joint?
A
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
5
Q
What muscles have 2 heads?
A
Pronator teres
Supinator
Flexor carpi ulnaris
6
Q
The middle trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by which roots C.
A
C7
7
Q
The nerve supply and action of the muscle labelled X are:
A
See nerve first- ie forearm
Anterior compt median (two have ulnar)
Posterior compartment (radial)
Action- see compartment- flexor, extensor
8
Q
The arch labelled A
A
Formed by the ulnar artery with some contribuiti9n from the radial artery
9
Q
What structures pass in the triangular space?
A
Circumflex scapular artery
10
Q
What is the superior border of triangular space?
A
Lower margin of teres minor
11
Q
What is the inferior border of triangular space?
A
Upper margin of teres major
12
Q
What is the lateral border of the triangular space?
A
Medial margin of long head of triceps
13
Q
What are the borders of triangular space?
A
Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of triceps
14
Q
What are the borders of the quadrangular space?
A
Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of triceps
Lateral head of triceps/humerus
15
Q
What are the contents of the quadrangular space?
A
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary nerve
16
Q
What are the contents of the triangular interval
A
Profound a brachial artery
Radial nerve
17
Q
What are the borders of the triangular interval?
A
Inferior margin of teres major
Lateral margin of long head of triceps
Medial margin of lateral head of triceps/humerus
18
Q
To which spaces/intervals the humerus/lateral head of triceps constitutes the lateral border?
A
Quadrangular space
Triangular interval
19
Q
What are the roots of the brachial plexus
A
C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1
20
Q
What are the roots of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
A
C5 and C6
21
Q
What are the roots of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?
A
C8 and T1
22
Q
What are the roots of the lateral chord?
A
C5, C6 and C7
23
Q
What are the roots of the posterior chord?
A
C5, C6,C7,C8, T1
24
Q
What are the roots of the medial chord of the brachial plexus?
A
C8 and T1
25
Where does the axillary artery starts?
Lateral margin of first rib.
26
Where does the brachial artery starts?
Lower margin of teres major
27
4 muscles of the posterior forearm that attach in part to the interosseous membrane
Abductor pollicis lungus, extensor pollicis breves, extensor pollicis lungus, extensor indices.
28
What muscle of the hand are NOT supplied by the ulnar nerve?
Thenar, lateral 2 lumbricals
29
What muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve?
Flexor carpi ulnaris, FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS, muscles of hand.
30
What nerve passes through the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
31
What nerve passes through the 2 heads of pronator teres?
Median nerve
32
Where does the axillary nerve passes?
Quadrangular space with posterior circumflex humeral artery
33
What muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?
Deltoid and Teres minor.
34
Teres minor innervation?
Axillary nerve
35
Where does axillary nerve originates?
Posterior chord (C5-C6)
36
Where does radial nerve originates?
Posterior chord (all roots)
37
What space/interval the radial nerve passes through?
Triangular interval with profunda brachii
38
What goes on the spiral groove of humerus?
Profunda brachiii and radial nerve
39
What are the borders of the snuffbox?
Extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus.
40
What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial artery, scaphoid, trapezium, base of 1st metacarpal, radial stiloyd process.
41
Superficial muscles of anterior compartment of forearm.
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris.
42
Intermediate muscles of flexor compartment of forearm.
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
43
Deep muscles of anterior forearm compartment.
Flexor digitorum profundus (sits on the ulna), flexor pollicis longus (‘sits on the radium), pronator quadratus.
44
Floor of cubital fossa
Brachialis tendon and supinator
45
Coracobrachialis action and innervation
Adduction, flexion at the GHJ, musculocutaneous
46
Biceps brachii insertion
Radial tuberosity
47
Biceps brachii action and innervation
Musculocutaneous, flexion at elbow, flexion at shoulder supination of forearm
48
Brachialis insertion
Coronoid process and ulna tuberosity
49
Brachialis action and innervation
Flexion at forearm, musculocutaneous, radial.
50
Triceps origin and insertion
Infraglenoid tubercle, posterior asurface of humerus to olecranon of ulna via common tendon.
51
Triceps action and innervation
Extension at arm and forearm, radial
52
Beginning and end of axillary artery
Lateral border of first rib to inferior border of teres major
53
Branches of 1st axillary artery
Superior thoracic artery
54
Branches of 2nd part of axillary artery
Toraco acromial trunk, lateral thoracic artery
55
Axillary artery 3rd part branches
Subscapular artery, anterior and posterior circumflex arteries
56
Veins that go through axilla
Axillary vein, basilic vein, cephalic vein
57
Axillary lateral wall
Intertubercular sulcus, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps
58
Axillary medial wall
Serratus anterior, ribs
59
Axilla posterior wall
Latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major
60
Axilla anterior wall
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius
61
Pectoralis major insertion
Lateral lip of intertubrcular sulcus
62
Pectoralis major innervation
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
63
Pectoral is major action
Medial rotation, adduction
64
Pectoralis minor origin and insertion
3-5 ribs to coracoid process
65
Pectoralis minor innervation
Medial and lateral pectoral nerve
66
Pectoralis minor action
Protracts and stabilises scapula
67
Subclavius innervation
Nerve to subclavius
68
Subclavius action
Stabilises clavicle
69
Lattissimus dorsi insertion
Floor of intrtubercular sulcus
70
Latissimus dorsi action
Adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at GHJ
71
Latissimus dorsi innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve
72
Teres major origin and insertion
Inferior angle of scapula to medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
73
Teres major action
Lateral rotation
74
Teres major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve
75
Subscapularis action and innervation
Medial rotation, upper and lower subscapular nerves
76
Posterior Axioappendicular muscles of pectoral girdle
Trapezius, Latissimus dorsi, elevator scapulae, rhomboids.
77
Rhomboids innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (c5)
78
Anterior axioappendicular muscles
Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Subclavius, serratus anterior
79
Serratus anterior innervation
Long thoracic nerve (c5,C6,c7)
80
Scapulohumeral muscles
Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles
81
Deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve
82
Teres major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve
83
Supraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve (c5,C6)
84
Infraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve
85
Teres minor innervation
Axillary nerve
86
Subscapularis innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
87
Muscles innervated by axillary nerve?
Deltoid and teres minor
88
Thenar eminence muscles
Flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponent pollicis
89
Hypothenar eminence muscles
Flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, opponent digiti minimi
90
Intrinsic hand muscles
Lumbricals (4), palmaris brevis, palmar introssei, dorsal introssei, adductors (oblique and transverse)
91
Muscles of thenar eminence innervation
Median nerve
92
Hypothenar eminence innervation
Ulnar
93
Lateral lumbricoid innervation
Median nerve
94
Medial 2 lumbricoids innervation
Ulnar nerve
95
Long thoracic nerve roots
C5,6,7
96
Dorsal scapular nerve origin
C5 root
97
Nerves originating from superior trunk of brachial plexus?
Suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius
98
Nerves originating from lateral chord?
Lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous, part of median nerve
99
Nerves originating from posterior chord of brachial plexus
Superior subscapular nerve, inferior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve
100
Nerves originating from medial cord of brachial plexus
Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, ulnar, part of median
101
Pronator teres O and I
Medial epicondyle of humerus to a point between the 1st and 2nd 3rd of lateral aspect of radius
102
Pronator teres action and innervation
Pronator of forearm, median nerve
| Has 2 heads one deeper
103
What runs between 2 heads of pronator teres?
Median nerve
104
Flexor carpi radialis origin insertion, action and innervation
Flexor of wrist assist slight flexion of elbow, radial deviation (abduction of wrist)
Lateral to it at the wrist level we can palpate the radial artery
Medial nerve
From medial epicondylitis to bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
105
Palmaris longus
From medial epycondyle, passess ovger flexor retinaculum and inserts into most proximal aspect of palmar aponeurosis
Median nerve
Flexion in the wrist area (slight)
Improves grip strength (by tightening palmar aponeurosis)
106
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar head - back of ulna
Humeral head - lateral epycondyle to pisiform, hook of hamate and base of fifth metacarpal.
Flexor of wrist, ulnar deviation (adduction at wrist)
107
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexion of digit 2 3 4 5.
4 tendons, pass through carpal tunnel
From medial epycondyle and shaft of the radius - then 4 tendons that slip (to allow profundus to come to superficial) and insert onto the side of the distal end of the middle phalanx
Median nerve
108
Flexor digitorum profundus
Tendons pass deep to tendons of flex digit superficialis up to where the superficialis tendons bifurcate.
Flexor of metacarpofalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal all joints
Median nerve in lateral aspect (lateral 2 digits take median nerve- indice e medio)
Ulnar nerve innervation for medial digits.
109
Flexor pollicis longus
From radius, through carpal tunnel, attaches to base of distal phalanx of thumb
Median nerve
110
Pronator teres action and innervation
Pronation, median nerve
111
Interosseus mbn
Separates anterior and posterior compartment.
112
Abductor pollicis brevis O and I
Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and adjacent flexor retinaculum to proximal phalanx and extensor hood of the thumb
113
Flexor pollicis brevis O and I
From tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum to proximal phalanx
114
Opponents pollicis O and I
Tubercle of trapezium to lateral margin and ajacient palmar surface of the metacarpal 1 (like the others?)
115
Abductor digiti minimi
From pisiform, pisohamate ligament and tendon fo the flexor carpi ulnaris to proximal phalanx of the finger
116
Flexor digiti mimimi brevis O and I
Same as abductor digiti minimi?
117
Opponents digiti minimi O and I
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum to medial aspect of fifth metacarpal.
118
Palmaris brevis
Over Hypothenar muscles\
| Improve grip strength deepens the cup of the hand
119
Lumbricals O and I
Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus, they wrap around to the dorsal side of the hand and they insert into the extensor hood of the digit.
120
Lumbricals action and innervation
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints
```
Median nerve (lateral 2)
Ulnar nerve (medial 2)
```
121
Adductor pollicis
Oblique head - capitate and base of 2 and 3rd metacarpals to medial aspect and base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of the thumb
Transverse head- metacarpal no.3 and inserts into similar region.
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
122
Dorsal interossei (4) and palmar interossei (2-4)
Dorsal- adjacent sides of metacarpal bones to opposite side onto the extensor hood.
Palmar- sides of metacarpals they are associated with to extensor hood.
Action- PAD-DAB
Dorsal- abduction of index, middle and ring fingers @ metacarpophalangeal joints
Palmar- adduction of thumb, index, ring and little fingers at eye metacarpophalangeal joints
123
Lateral boundary of snuffbox
Extensor pollicis longus
124
Medial boundary of snuffbox
Abductor pollicis longus
| Extensor pollicis brevis
125
Snuffbox contents lateral to medial
Extensor pol long
Radial artery
Ext pol brevis
Abductor pol long
126
Radial and ulnar arteries position in forearm
RA runs laterally
UA runs medially
BA enters medially in the forearm.
127
Superficial palmar arch position
Above the superficial tendons below the aponeurosis. Forms from anastomosis of radial and ulnar arteries—- primarily from ulnar artery and contribuition from the radial artery (specif. Superficial branch of the radial artery)
128
Deep palmar arch
Formed primarily by the radial artery, contribution from ulna (specif. Deep branch of ulnar.
129
Superficial palmar arch branches
Common digital palmar arteries (between the digits) bifurcate > proper palmar digital arteries
130
Blood supply to thumb
Proper palmar digital arteries from the radial sides
131
Veins of hand
Interconnection between superficial and deep veins
Deep veins follow arteries.
Superficial veins drain into the dorsal venous network (back of hand over metacarpal bones) >cephalic vein and basilic vein> axillary vein> superior vena cava.
132
Superficial venous palmar arch and deep venous palmar arch
2 vessels, follow arteries.
133
Palmar metacarpal veins and palmar digital veins
Similar to arteries
Flow to basilic and cephalic veins.
134
Median nerve in hand
Enters the forearm through 2 heads of pronator teres, goes into carpal tunnel.
-Palmar cutaneous branch (superficial branch of the radial nerve before the flexor retinaculum).
135
Positions of nerves in hand
Laterally we have radial nerve
Medially ulnar nerve
In the middle median nerve
136
Ulnar nerve position in hand
Below flexor retinaculum but superficial to transverse carpal ligament (also spared in carpal tunnel syndrome (like superficial median branch).
137
Median nerve supply in hand
Lateral 1 2 3 and a half digits including the palm (palm innervated by Parkman cutaneous branch).
3 and a half digits on posterior side (superior aspect only)
138
Ulnar nerve supply in hand
Medial 1 and a half digits anterior and posterior/palmar dorsal aspects.
139
Radial nerve supply in hand
Small part on lateral aspect of thumb (near the thenar eminence)
Posterior aspect of the lateral 3 and a half digits beneath median nerve.
140
Branches of median nerve in hand
Common palmar digital branches -for digits
| Recurrent branch - specific for the thenar eminence (motor supply- atrophy of thenar in carpal tunnel synd)
141
Radial nerve branches in hand
Dorsal digital branches (of radial nerve- superficial branch - deep arises before and inn. Post comp forearm) - sensory innervation across back of the hand to lateral 3 digits.
142
Ulnar nerve branches in hand
Deep branch- most intrinsic muscles of the hand (lumbricals, interossei, Hypothenar eminence etc.)
Common palmar digital branch - medial 1 and a half digits (superficial branch?)
143
Carpal tunnel contents
4 superficial tendons -flexor digit sup
4 tendons - flex digit prof
Median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus
144
Carpal tunnel floor
```
Medial to lateral:
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
```
