Upper Limb

Question 1

Clavicle - features

Answer 1

• S-shaped
• lateral 1/3 - flatted, concaved
• medial 2/3 - thickened, convex

divided to sternal end, shaft and acromial end

Question 2

Clavicle - function

Answer 2

• attaches upper limb to the trunk (shoulder girlde)
• protects underlying neurovascular structure
• transmit force from upper limb to axial skeleton

Question 3

Clavicle - articular surface

Answer 3

• between manubrium and sternum to the acromium of scapula

sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint

Question 4

Ligamentous attachment at the sternal end of the calvicle.

and which surface?

Answer 4

Costoclavicular ligament

• inferior end

Question 5

Clavicular shaft attachment
(muscular and ligament)

Answer 5

superior
- anterior medial: SCM
- posterior medial: Pect Major
- anterior lateral : Trapezius
- posterior medial: Deltoid

inferior
- anterior medial: sternohyoid
- mid shaft: subclavian muscle in subclavian groove
- tuberosity for conoid lig
- trapezoid lig via oblique line

Question 6

Acromial end clavicular attachment

Answer 6

1. conoid tubercle: conoid ligament ) medial pt of coracoacromial lig)
2. trapezoid line: trapezoid ligament (lat pt of coracoacromial lig)

Question 7

Timing of Clavicle ossification

Answer 7

• first bone to ossify at the lateral end (around 5th and 6th week gestation) (in utero)
• medial end starts at 15 years
• last ossification bone to fuse (22-25yo)

Question 8

Type of clavicular ossification

Answer 8

lateral end - intramembranous

Question 9

% clavicle arterial supply

Answer 9

• nutrient br fr suprascapular artery
• clavicular br of thoracoacromial artery from 2nd part of axillary artery

Question 10

Ossification centres of Clavicle

Question 11

Scapula - features

Answer 11

• roughly triangle flat bone
• bone of pectoral girdle w articulation connecting to humerus and clavicle
• divides into costal (anterior), lateral and posterior surface
• attaches to 17 muscles!

Question 12

Costal surface
(aka subscapular fossa)

Answer 12

• large concave depression -subscap fossa
• at the superolateral edge, there is a hook like projection, which is the coracoid process

Question 13

what attaches to the coracoid process

Answer 13

1. pectoralis minor
2. coracobrachialis
3. short head of biceps

Question 13

lateral surface (glenohumeral) of the scapula has attachment from

Answer 13

• long head of biceps via supraglenoid tubercle
• long head of triceps via infraglenoid tubercle

Question 14

Parts of the posterior surface of scapula

Answer 14

1. spine
2. acromion: projection of spine, extending laterally over the glenohumeral joint, articulates with clavicle to form AC joint
3. Infraspinatous fossa: infraspinatous muscle origin
4. Supraspinatous fossa: supraspinatous origin

Question 15

Articulation of the scapula

Answer 15

1. glenohumeral joint
2. acromioclavicular joint

Question 16

how many attachments are there on the scapula

Answer 16

17

Question 17

Muscle attachment to the supraspinatous fossa

Answer 17

supraspinatous muscle

Question 18

muscle attachment to infraspinatous fossa

Answer 18

• infraspinatus
• teres minor (edge)

Question 19

subscapula attachment

Answer 19

• subscapularis
• serratus anterior (edge)

Question 19

attachment to the superior border of the (anterior) blade

Answer 19

inferior belly of omohyoid
( along with transverse scapula ligament)

Question 20

attachment to the acromion

Answer 20

• acromion part of the deltoid muscle
• trapezius

Question 21

scapular spine attachment

Answer 21

• spinous part of deltoid muscle

Question 22

coracoid process attachment

Answer 22

1. corachobrachialis
2. pectorals minor
3. short head of biceps

Question 23

what attaches to the lateral border of the scapula

Answer 23

1. teres minor 2. teres major

Question 24

attachment to the vertebral border of the scapula

Answer 24

1. elevator scapulae 2. rhomboid minor 3. rhomboid major

Question 25

attachments to the inferior angle of scapular

Answer 25

1. teres major 2. small slip of lat dorsi

Question 26

what attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle

Answer 26

long head of biceps

Question 27

what attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle

Answer 27

long head of triceps

Question 28

what crosses the supra scapular notch ? what travels above and below this?

Answer 28

transverse scapular ligament - above: suprascapular vessels - below: suprascapular nerve

Question 29

ossification of scapular starts at

Answer 29

8 weeks (body)

Question 30

which part of the scapular ossifies at puberty (14-20yo)

Answer 30

- inferior angle - acromion - medial border

Question 31

the coracoid process has ____ centres and ossifies at_____

Answer 31

- 2 centres - 12-18 months

Question 32

the glenoid ossifies at...

Answer 32

10-11 years

Question 33

Humerus - features

Answer 33

- tubular bone that articulates proximally at the shoulder with glenoid of the scapular and distally at the elbow with radius and ulna - anatomical head joins greater and lesser tubercle via anatomical neck - shaft is cylindrical in shape proximally, then flattens into 3 surfaces - anterolateral, anteromedial and posterior) - condyle articulates with radius and ulna. - condyle has trochlea, capitellum and medial and lateral epicondyle.

Question 34

Difference between surgical and anatomical neck of humerus

Answer 34

surgical neck is inferior to the tubercles, just where the shaft begins. common site for fracture. anatomical neck joins the head with the tubercles (mores superiorly)