Upper limb

Question 1

What are the main bones in the lower arm and hand?

Answer 1

Radius, Ulna, 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones, 14 phalanges.

Question 2

How many carpal bones are there?

Answer 2

8

Question 3

How many metacarpal bones are there?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

How many phalanges are there?

Answer 4

14

Question 5

What is the singular name for phalanges?

Answer 5

Phalanx

Question 6

What are the names of the carpal bones?

Answer 6

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Lunate
Scaphoid

Question 7

What are the bone features of the elbow?

Answer 7

• Medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
• Olecranon process of the ulna
• Head of radius

Question 8

What are bone features of the wrist and hand?

Answer 8

. Ulnar head
• Radial styloid process
• Triquetral bone and pisiform bone (ulnar side and palmar)
• Trapezium and Scaphoid (radial side and palmar)
NOTE: A hand, placed with a relaxed wrist palm down on a table will contact the surface by
means of the tubercle of the scaphoid and the pisiform bones
• The position of the heads and bases of the 5 metacarpal bone

Question 9

What is the muscles where the body of this muscle forms the fleshy border of the anterior aspect of the lower arm?

Answer 9

Brachioradialis

Question 10

Where is the Brachioradialis?

Answer 10

• the body of this muscle forms the fleshy border of the anterior aspect of the lower arm

Question 11

What is the Origin, Insertion and Action of the Brachioradialis?

Answer 11

O: lower lateral humerus
I: radial styloid at the wrist (lies very deep)
A: flexes the forearm

Question 12

What muscles is also know as an elbow flexor?

Answer 12

Brachialis (upper arm)

Question 13

What is the muscle where the body of this muscle lies behind the biceps brachii and the biceps tendon in the distal part of the upper arm?

Answer 13

Brachialis

Question 14

Where is the Brachialis?

Answer 14

the body of this muscle lies behind the biceps brachii and the biceps tendon in the distal part of the upper arm

Question 15

What is the origin, insertion and action of the Brachialis?

Answer 15

O: distal half of humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna
A: flexes the elbow

Question 16

What forms the most radial tendon on the anterior aspect of the wrist?

Answer 16

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Question 17

What 2 points are relevant to Flexor Carpi Radialis?

Answer 17

Both Pc 7 and Lu 9 lie just radial to this tendon.

Question 18

What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor carpi radialis?

Answer 18

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: bases of MCs 2 and 3 (travelling close to scaphoid in palm)
A: flexes and abducts the radial side of the wrist joint

Question 19

What forms the most ulnar tendon on the anterior aspect of the wrist?

Answer 19

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 20

What tendon is just ulnar to He 4, 5, 6 and 7?

Answer 20

Flexor carpi Ulnaris

Question 21

What channel runs between the body of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and the ulna bone?

Answer 21

Small Intestine (SI) channel

Question 22

What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor carpi Ulnaris?

Answer 22

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: pisiform bone
A: flexes the ulnar side of the wrist joint (so
enabling the hand to move in an ulnar
direction

Question 23

What tendon is absent in 10% of people?

Answer 23

Palmaris Longus

Question 24

Where should you palpate for palmaris longus?

Answer 24

At the proximal wrist crease

Question 25

What is the origin, insertion and action of the palmaris longus

Answer 25

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: fascia of the palm (flexor retinaculum) A: flexes the wrist

Question 26

What muscles make up the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 26

- abductor Pollicis Longus - Extensor Pollicis Longus - Extensor Pollicis Bravis

Question 27

What point lies in the Anatomical Snuffbox?

Answer 27

LI 5

Question 28

What’s the origin, insertion and action of the Abductor Pollicis Longus?

Answer 28

O: posterior surface of proximal half of radius and ulna I: base of 1st MC bone A: abducts and extends the thumb

Question 29

What the origin, insertion and action of the extensor Pollicis Longus?

Answer 29

O: dorsal aspect of ulna I: base of distal phalanx of thumb A: extends the thumb

Question 30

What the origin, insertion and action of the extensor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 30

O: exterior aspect of the radius and ulna I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb A: extends the thumb

Question 31

What’s the origin, insertion and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

Answer 31

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of 5th MC A: extends the ulnar side of the wrist joint (so enabling the hand to move laterally in an ulnar direction) Important for making a fist

Question 32

What is the arch of the carpal tunnel is held in position by a tough fibrous band on the palmar aspect of the wrist called?

Answer 32

retinaculum

Question 33

Where is the cubical fossa?

Answer 33

this is the anterior aspect of the elbow and is bounded by the flexors of the lower arm, the medial border of brachioradialis and the biceps tendon.

Question 34

What is the artery of the upper arm?

Answer 34

brachial artery

Question 35

What is the muscle which forms the fleshy part of the thenar eminence?

Answer 35

Abductor pollicis brevis

Question 36

What muscle in the hand helps to oppose the thumb to the finger tips?

Answer 36

Opponens Pollicis

Question 37

What muscle spreads the fingers?

Answer 37

Dorsal Interossei

Question 38

What nerves supply the arms are shoulder?

Answer 38

C3-T2 spinal nerve roots

Question 39

What are the nerves of the arms?

Answer 39

(brachial plexus of nerves) and then lead into three major nerves which supply the arm: the radial nerve, the median nerve, and the ulnar nerve.