Upper Limb Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Pectoralis major attachments
A
Clavicular head- anterior medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- anterior sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages
Intertubercular sulcus humerus
2
Q
Pectoralis major function
A
Adduction and medial rotation arm
Clavicular head flexes arm
3
Q
Pectoralis major innervation
A
Lateral and medial Pectoralis nerves
4
Q
Pectoralis minor attachments
A
3-5th anterior ribs
Coracoid process scapula
5
Q
Pectoralis minor function
A
Stabilises scapula (pulls anteroinferiorly)
6
Q
Pectoralis minor innervation
A
Medial pectoral nerve
7
Q
Serratus anterior attachments
A
Lateral aspects rib 1-8
Costal surface medial scapula
8
Q
Serratus anterior function
A
Rotates scapula during arm flexion, holds scapula against ribcage
9
Q
Serratus anterior innervation
A
Long thoracic nerve
10
Q
Long thoracic nerve injury
A
Serratus anterior no longer holds scapula against rib cage causing winged scapula
11
Q
Trapezius attachments
A
Skull, nuchal ligament and spinous processes C7-T12
Clavicle, acromion, scapula spine
12
Q
Trapezius function
A
Upper fibres elevate and rotate scapula during arm abduction
Middle fibres retract scapula
Lower fibres pull scapula inferiorly
13
Q
Trapezius innervation
A
Motor from accessory nerve
Proprioception from C3/ C4
14
Q
How to test accessory nerve
A
Usually damaged iatrogenically, if damaged cannot shrug shoulders
15
Q
Latissimus dorsi attachments
A
Spinous process T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and inferior 3 ribs
Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
16
Q
Latissimus dorsi function
A
Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
17
Q
Latissimus dorsi innervation
A
Thoracodorsal nerve
18
Q
Levator scapulae attachments
A
Transverse processe C1-C4
Medial border scapula
19
Q
Levator scapulae function
A
Elevates scapula
20
Q
Levator scapulae innervation
A
Dorsal scapula nerve
21
Q
Rhomboid major attachments
A
Spinous processes T2-T5
Medial border scapula
22
Q
Rhomboid major function
A
Retracts and rotates scapula
23
Q
Rhomboid major innervation
A
Dorsal scapula nerve
24
Q
Rhomboid minor attachments
A
Spinous processes C7-T1
Medial scapula
25
Rhomboid minor function
Retracts and rotates scapula
26
Rhomboid minor innervation
Dorsal scapula nerve
27
Deltoid attachments
Lateral third clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect humerus
28
Deltoid function
Anterior fibres- flexion and medial rotation
Middle fibres- abduction arm (not first 15 degrees)
Posterior fibres- extension and lateral rotation
29
Deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve
30
Teres major attachments
Posterior surface inferior angle of scapula
Medial lip of Intertubercular groove humerus
31
Teres major function
Adduction and extensions shoulder and medial rotation arm
32
Teres major innervation
Lower subscapular nerve
33
Name the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
34
Supraspinatus attachments
Supraspinous fossa scapula
Greater tubercle humerus
35
Supraspinatus function
First 15 degree arm abduction
36
Supraspinatus innervations
Suprascapular nerve
37
Infraspinatus attachments
Infraspinous fossa scapula
Greater tubercle humerus
38
Infraspinatus function
Lateral rotation arm
39
Infraspinatus innervation
Suprascapular nerve
40
Subscapularis attachments
Subscapular fossa (costal surface)
Lesser tubercle humerus
41
Subscapularis function
Medially rotates arm
42
Subscapularis innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
43
Teres minor attachments
Posterior surface scapula next to lateral border
Greater tubercle humerus
44
Teres minor function
Lateral rotation arm
45
Teres minor innervation
Axillary nerve
46
Biceps brachii attachments
Long head- supraglenoid tubercle scapula
Short head- coracoid process scapula
Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm
47
Biceps brachii function
Supination forearm, elbow flexion and shoulder flexion
48
Biceps brachii innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
49
Coracobrachialis attachments
Coracoid process
Medial numeral shaft
50
Coracobrachialis function
Shoulder flexion and some Adduction
51
Coracobrachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve
52
Brachialis attachments
Medial and lateral humerus shaft
Ulnar tuberosity
53
Brachialis function
Elbow flexion
54
Brachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (less so radial nerve)
55
Triceps brachii attachments
Long head- infraglenoid tubercle scapula
Lateral head- humerus (sup to radial groove)
Medial head- humerus (inferior to radial groove)
Olecranon ulna
56
Triceps brachii function
Elbow extension
57
Triceps brachii innervation
Radial nerve
58
Name the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm and the tendon from which they arise
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Common tendon arising from medial epicondyle of humerus
59
Flexor carpi ulnaris attachments
Medial epicondyle humerus and olecranon of ulna
Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
60
Flexor carpi ulnaris function
Flexion and Adduction wrist
61
Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
Ulnar nerve
62
Palmaris longus attachments
Medial epicondyle humerus
Flexor retinaculum wrist
63
Palmaris longus function
Wrist flexion
64
Palmaris longus innervation
Median nerve
65
Flexor carpi radialis attachments
Medial epicondyle humerus
Base of second and third metacarpals
66
Flexor carpi radialis function
Flexion and abduction wrist
67
Flexor carpi radialis innervation
Median nerve
68
Pronator teres attachments
Medial epicondyle humerus and coronoid process ulna
Mid shaft of radius
69
Pronator teres function
Pronation forearm
70
Pronator teres innervation
Median nerve
71
Flexor digitorum superficialis attachments
2 heads- medial epicondyle humerus, radius
Splits into 4 tendons which travel through carpal tunnel and attach to base of middle phalanx of 4 fingers
72
Flexor digitorum superficialis function
Metacarpophalangeal flexion, proximal interphalangeal flexion,
Wrist flexion
73
Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
Median nerve
74
Flexor digitorum profundus attachments
Ulna and interosseous membrane
Forms 4 tendons which pass through carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of 4 fingers
75
Flexor digitorum profundus innervation
Medial half ulnar nerve, lateral half anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
76
Flexor pollicisis longus attachments
Anterior radius and interosseous membrane
Distal phalanx thumb
77
Flexor pollicisis longus function
Flexion of interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint thumb
78
Flexor pollicisis longus innervation
Median nerve
79
Pronator quadratus attachments
Anterior ulna
Anterior radius
80
Pronator quadratus function
Forearm pronation
81
Pronator quadratus innervation
Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)
82
Which 4 muscles share a common tendon at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Extensor carpi radialis brevi
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digi minimi
83
Brachioradialis attachments
Proximal lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Distal radius
84
Brachioradialis function
Elbow flexion, some supination at proximal radioulnar joint
85
Brachioradialis innervation
Radial nerve
86
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis attachments
ECRL Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
ECRB lateral epicondyle
Metacarpal 2 and 3
87
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis function
Wrist extension and abduction
88
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis innervation
Radial nerve
89
Extensor digitorum communis attachments
Lateral epicondyle humerus,
Splits into 4 tendons and inserts into extensor good of each finger
90
Extensor digitorum communis function
Extension interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints
91
Extensor digitorum communis innervation
Radial nerve (deep branch)
92
Extensor carpi ulnaris attachments
Lateral epicondyle humerus
Base of fifth metacarpal
93
Extensor carpi ulnaris function
Wrist extension and adduction
94
Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
Deep branch radial nerve
95
Supinator attachments
Lateral epicondyle humerus and posterior surface ulna
Posterior radius
96
Supinator function
Forearm supination
97
Supinator innervation
Deep branch radial nerve
98
Abductor pollicis longus attachments
Interosseous membrane and posterior radius/ ulna
Lateral first metacarpal
99
Abductor pollicis longus function
Thumb abduction
100
Abductor pollicis longus innervation
Posterior interosseous branch of radius nerve
101
Extensor pollicis brevis attachments
Posterior radius and interosseous membrane
Proximal phalanx thumb
102
Extensor pollicis brevis function
Extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints thumb
103
Extensor pollicis brevis innervation
Posterior interosseous branch of radius nerve
104
Extensor pollicis longus attachments
Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Distal phalanx thumb
105
Extensor pollicis longus function
Extends all thumb joints
106
Extensor pollicis longus innervation
Radial nerve posterior interosseous branch
107
Extensor indicis proprius attachments
Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane
Extensor hood of index finger
108
Extensor indicis proprius function
Extends index finger
109
Extensor indicis proprius innervation
Posterior interosseous branch of radius nerve
110
Radial nerve injury presentation
Often caused by damage in axilla (humeral dislocation) or damage in radial groove (humeral shaft fracture)
Unopposed wrist flexion causes wrist drop
111
what is the mnemonic for remembering carpal bones
some lovers try positions that they can't handle
112
name the carpal bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapeziod, capitate, hamate
113
which 2 veins form from the dorsal venoud network of the hand
cephalic vein laterally and basilic vein medially
114
which vein do the cephalic and brachial veins drain into
axillary vein
115
which muscle make up superficial posterior shoulder muscles
trapezius and latissimus dorsi
116
which muscle make up deep posterior shoulder muscles
rhomboids and levetor scapulae
117
what structures surround the apex of the axilla forming the cervico axillary canal through which structures enter the axilla
first rib, clavicle, scapula
118
what forms the anterior wall of the axilla
pectoralis major and minor
119
what forms the posterior wall of the axilla
scapula and subscapularis. inferiorly teres major and latissimus dorsi
120
what forms the medial wall of the axilla
thoracic wall with overlying serratus anterior
121
what forms the lateral wall of the axilla
intertubercular sulcus humerus
122
Biceps reflex tests which nerve and spinal cord segments
musculocutaneous nerve, C5-C6
123
what forms the superior margin of the cubital fossa
an imaginary line between the lateral and medial epicondyle
124
what forms the medial margin of the cubital fossa
pronator teres
125
what forms the lateral margin of the cubital fossa
brachioradialis
126
what forms the floor and roof of the cubital fossa
floor brachialis and supinator
roof brachial and antebrachial fascia
127
what is found in the cubital fossa
brachial artery splitting into ulnar and radial artery
deep veins
biceps brachii tendon
median nerve
radial nerve (splits into superficial and deep)
128
which muscle forms the intermediate layer of flexors/ pronators of the forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
129
which muscles form the deep layer of flexors/ pronators of the forearm
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
130
