upper limb

Question 1

Pectoralis Major - Action/Function

Answer 1

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus, draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly; clavicular head flexes the humerus, sternocostal head extends the humerus from a flexed position.

Question 2

Pectoralis Minor - Action/Function

Answer 2

Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.

Question 3

Subclavius - Action/Function

Answer 3

Anchors and depresses the clavicle.

Question 4

Serratus Anterior - Action/Function

Answer 4

Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall, rotates the scapula.

Question 5

Trapezius - Action/Function

Answer 5

Descending part elevates, ascending part depresses, and the middle part retracts the scapula. Descending and ascending parts together rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly

Question 6

Latissimus Dorsi - Action/Function

Answer 6

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus.

Question 7

Levator Scapulae - Action/Function

Answer 7

Elevates the scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula.

Question 8

Rhomboid Minor - Action/Function

Answer 8

Retracts the scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.

Question 9

Rhomboid Major - Action/Function

Answer 9

Retracts the scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall.

Question 10

Deltoid - Action/Function

Answer 10

Clavicular part flexes and medially rotates the humerus, acromial part abducts the humerus, spinal part extends and laterally rotates the humerus.

Question 11

Subscapularis - Action/Function

Answer 11

Medially rotates the humerus and acts as a dynamic stabilizer of the glenohumeral joint as part of the rotator cuff.

Question 12

Supraspinatus - Action/Function

Answer 12

Abducts the humerus and is part of the rotator cuff.

Question 13

Infraspinatus - Action/Function

Answer 13

Laterally rotates the humerus and is part of the rotator cuff.

Question 14

Teres Minor - Action/Function

Answer 14

Laterally rotates the humerus and is part of the rotator cuff.

Question 15

Teres Major - Action/Function

Answer 15

Adducts and medially rotates the humerus.

Question 16

Biceps Brachii - Action/Function

Answer 16

Supinates the forearm and flexes the supinated forearm; the short head resists dislocation of the shoulder.

Question 17

Brachialis - Action/Function

Answer 17

Flexes the forearm in all positions.

Question 18

Triceps Brachii - Action/Function

Answer 18

Extends the elbow; the long head resists dislocation of the shoulder

Question 18

Coracobrachialis - Action/Function

Answer 18

Helps to flex and adduct the arm; resists dislocation of the shoulder.

Question 19

Anconeus - Action/Function

Answer 19

Assists the triceps in elbow extension, stabilizes the elbow joint, and may abduct the ulna during pronation.

Question 20

Pronator Teres - Action/Function

Answer 20

Pronates and flexes the elbow.

Question 21

Flexor Carpi Radialis - Action/Function

Answer 21

Flexes and abducts the wrist.

Question 22

Palmaris Longus - Action/Function

Answer 22

Flexes the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis.

Question 23

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Action/Function

Answer 23

Flexes and adducts the wrist.

Question 24

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Action/Function

Answer 24

Flexes the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of digits 2-5.

Question 25

Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Action/Function

Answer 25

Flexes the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5, as well as the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints.

Question 26

Flexor Pollicis Longus - Action/Function

Answer 26

Flexes the thumb.

Question 27

Pronator Quadratus - Action/Function

Answer 27

Pronates the forearm, and its deep fibers bind the radius and ulna together.

Question 28

Brachioradialis - Action/Function

Answer 28

Flexes the elbow, with maximal effect when the elbow is in mid-pronation.

Question 29

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Action/Function

Answer 29

Extends and abducts the wrist; active during fist clenching.

Question 30

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Action/Function

Answer 30

Extends and abducts the wrist.

Question 31

Extensor Digitorum - Action/Function

Answer 31

Extends the medial four digits at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

Question 32

Extensor Digiti Minimi - Action/Function

Answer 32

Extends the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

Question 33

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Action/Function

Answer 33

Extends and adducts the wrist; active during fist clenching.

Question 34

Supinator - Action/Function

Answer 34

supinates the forearm

Question 35

Abductor Pollicis Longus - Action/Function

Answer 35

Abducts and extends the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint.

Question 36

Extensor Pollicis Brevis - Action/Function

Answer 36

Extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints.

Question 37

Extensor Pollicis Longus - Action/Function

Answer 37

Extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint, and also extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints.

Question 38

Extensor Indices - Action/Function

Answer 38

Extends the 2nd digit and helps extend the wrist.

Question 39

Opponens Pollicis - Action/Function

Answer 39

Opposes the thumb by drawing the 1st metacarpal medially to the palm and rotating it medially.

Question 40

Abductor Pollicis Brevis - Action/Function

Answer 40

Abducts the thumb and assists in opposition.

Question 41

Flexor Pollicis Brevis - Action/Function

Answer 41

Flexes the thumb.

Question 42

Adductor Pollicis - Action/Function

Answer 42

Adducts the thumb toward the lateral border of the palm.

Question 43

Abductor Digiti Minimi - Action/Function

Answer 43

Abducts the 5th digit and assists in flexing its proximal phalanx.

Question 44

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - Action/Function

Answer 44

Flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit.

Question 45

Opponens Digiti - Action/Function

Answer 45

Draws the 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing the 5th digit into opposition with the thumb.

Question 46

Lumbricals - Action/Function

Answer 46

Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5.

Question 47

Dorsal Interossei - Action/Function

Answer 47

Abduct digits 2-4 from the axial line and assist in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and extending the interphalangeal joints.

Question 48

Palmar Interossei - Action/Function

Answer 48

Adduct digits 2, 4, and 5 toward the axial line and assist in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and extending the interphalangeal joints.