Upper limb

Question 1

Describe the borders of the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 1

• Floor scaphoid and trapezium
• Proximal: styloid process of the radium
• Medial border (ulnar):: Extensor pollicus longus
• Lateral border (radial): tendons of extensor pollicus brevis and abductor pollicus longus

Question 2

Describe the features of Klumpke’s palsy and which nerve roots are affected

Answer 2

• C8, T1
• Claw hand (MCP joints extended and IP joints flexed)
  Loss of sensation over medial aspect of forearm and hand
  Horner’s syndrome
  Loss of flexors of the wrist

Question 3

Describe the features of Erb’s palsy and which nerve roots are affected

Answer 3

• ## C5, C6

Question 4

Where does the radial nerve lie in relation to the distal humerus?

Answer 4

• radial nerve lies anterolateral to the humerus in the supracondylar area.

Question 5

Which muscle is responsible for the ulnar paradox?

Answer 5

Flexor digitorum profundus: In higher lesions the FDP which is responsible for flexion of DIP joints is also paralysed for the claw hand is less pronounced

Question 6

What is a felon?

Answer 6

Abscess in the pulp of the finger
- swelling does not pass proixmal to DIP

Question 7

Which nerves are formed from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 7

• Axillary and radial nerve

Question 8

Which nerves are formed from the medial branch of the brachial plexus?

Answer 8

medial root of medial nerve and ulnar

Question 9

Which nerves are formed from the lateral branch of the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

• Musculocutaneous nerve
• Lateral cord of median nerve