Upper Limb Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
Notes on interosseous, palmar
A
unipennate muscles; remember PAD & DAB: Palmar interossei ADduct and Dorsal interossei ABduct, and you will be able to figure out where they must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
2
Q
A
3
Q
Notes on brachialis
A
a powerful flexor
4
Q
Action of serratus anterior
A
it draws the scapula forward; the inferior fibers rotate the scapula superiorly
5
Q
Subclavius
Origin
Insertion
A
first rib and its cartilage
inferior surface of the clavicle
6
Q
Large muscle mover of the shoulder which extends, adducts and medial rotates humerus at shoulder________?
A
Latissiums dorsi
7
Q
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin
Insertion
A
anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
8
Q
Triceps brachii
Origin
Insertion
A
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; lateral head: posterolateral humerus & lateral intermuscular septum; medial head: posteromedial surface of the inferior 1/2 of the humerus
olecranon process of the ulna
9
Q
Notes on opponens digiti minimi
A
opposition is a rotational movement of the 5th metacarpal around the long axis of its shaft; opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, and flexor digiti minimi brevis are in the hypothenar compartment of the hand
10
Q
Notes on anconeus
A
(Greek, anconeus = elbow)
11
Q
Notes on flexor digitorum superficialis
A
median nerve travels distally in the forearm on the deep surface of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.
12
Q
Action of coracobrachialis
A
flexes and adducts the arm
13
Q
Rhomboideus major
Origin
Insertion
A
spines of vertebrae T2-T5
medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula
14
Q
Innervation of rhomboideus minor
A
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
15
Q
A
16
Q
Innervation of abductor digiti minimi (hand)
A
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
17
Q
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
A
ulnar nerve
18
Q
•Glenohumeral stabilizers of the shoulder
-
-
-
-( )
A
- Supraspinatus*
- Infraspinatus*
- Teres minor*
- (Subscapularis*)
19
Q
Notes on triceps brachii
A
long head of the triceps separates the triangular and quadrangular spaces (teres major, teres minor and the humerus are the other boundaries); all three heads of origin insert by a common tendon
20
Q
Bachial Plexus
A
21
Q
Interosseous, palmar
Origin
Insertion
A
four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor pollicis m.)
base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5
22
Q
Notes on abductor pollicis longus
A
the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis make the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
23
Q
Notes on latissimus dorsi
A
the inserting tendon twists so that fibers originating highest insert lowest (Latin, latissimus = broadest)
24
Q
Brachioradialis
Origin
Insertion
A
proximal two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
lateral side of distal radius
25
Describe "Scapulohumeral Rhythm"
Movements required for full upper limb rotation
For every 2 degrees of glenohumeral movement there is 1 degree of scapulothoraic movement
26
27
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
28
Innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
ulnar nerve, deep branch
29
Name the superior, medial and lateral boundaries of the **Triceps Hiatus**.
What are the contents of the triceps hiatus?
Superior: **teres major**
Medial: **long head of the triceps brachii**
Lateral: **humerus**
Contents: **profunda brachii (deep brachial) artery** and **radial nerve**
30
Notes on teres minor
fixes the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during abduction & flexion of the arm; a member of the rotator cuff group
31
Large muscle mover of the shoulder which adducts and medial rotates arm?
Teres major
32
Action of serratus posterior inferior
pulls down lower ribs
33
Teres minor
Origin
Insertion
upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest facet)
34
Notes on flexor carpi radialis
works with the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis mm. to abduct hand (Greek, carpi = the wrist)
35
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus
radial nerve
36
Action of palmar interosseous
flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand is in reference to the midline of the 3rd digit)
37
Flexor pollicis brevis
Origin
Insertion
flexor retinaculum, trapezium
proximal phalanx of the 1st digit
38
Biceps brachii
Origin
Insertion
**short head:** tip of the coracoid process of the scapula; **long head:** supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
radial tuberosity AND fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
39
Pectoralis minor
Origin
Insertion
ribs 3-5
coracoid process of the scapula
40
Action of pectoralis minor
protraction, draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward
41
Name this joint.
Describe the labrum.
**The Glenohumeral Joint**
The labrum deepens the glenoid fossa/cavity and is made of hilum cartiladge
42
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
Origin
Insertion
hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum
proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
43
Action of triceps brachii
extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm
44
Action of interosseous, palmar
flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand is in reference to the midline of the 3rd digit)
45
Arteries of the Proximal Upper Limb
46
Action of adductor pollicis
adducts the thumb
47
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis
deep radial nerve
48
Joint at lateral end of the clavicle and acromion process (just medial to point of shoulder)?
Intrinsic ligament?
Extrinsic ligament?
What limits its backward travel?
Its forward travel?
**Acromioclavicular Joint**
Intrinsic = **Acromioclavicular ligament**
Extrinsic = **Coracoclavicular ligament**
Backward travel limited by **conoid ligament**
Forward travel limited by **trapezoid ligament**
49
Action of flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
50
Notes on palmaris brevis
palmaris brevis improves the grasp
51
52
Action of trapezius
elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula superiorly; retracts scapula
53
Opponens digiti minimi
Origin
Insertion
hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
shaft of 5th metacarpal
54
Deltoid
Origin
Insertion
lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
55
•Large muscle movers of the shoulder
-
-
-
* Deltoid
* Latissimus dorsi
* Teres major
56
Action of extensor indicis
extends the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
57
1. T/F: If the ulnar _artery_ is cut just proximal to Guyon’s canal, then all three arches in the hand will be affected?
False (dorsal branch was sent proximally to the wrist)
58
Notes on brachioradialis
although brachioradialis is innervated by the nerve for extensors (radial), its primary action is elbow flexion; the neutral position of this muscle is half way between supination and pronation (elbow flexed, thumb up)
59
1. What may a “winged Scapula” indicate?
Damage to the Long Thoracic Nerve (or weakness to Serratus Ant.)
60
61
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist, adducts hand
62
Notes on extensor carpi ulnaris
works with the flexor carpi ulnaris in adduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)
63
Notes on flexor pollicis longus
the tendon of flexor pollicis longus passes through the carpal tunnel with the other long digital flexor tendons and the median nerve (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
64
Rhomboideus minor
Origin
Insertion
inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1
medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
65
Action of flexor pollicis longus
flexes the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb
66
Notes on extensor pollicis brevis
the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus make the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox, in which the radial arterial pulse can be felt (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
67
Innervation of palmaris brevis
superficial br. of the ulnar n.
68
Notes on extensor carpi radialis brevis
works with the extensor carpi radialis longus and flexor carpi radialis in abduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)
69
Notes on adductor pollicis
deep palmar arch and deep ulnar nerve pass between the two heads of adductor pollicis, which is in the adductor-interosseous compartment (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
70
Notes on pectoralis major
the deep fascia on its anterior surface should not be fused to the fascia of the mammary gland - if it is, this is an important clinical sign indicating breast disease
71
Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis
deep radial nerve
72
Action of teres minor
laterally rotates the arm
73
Notes on teres major
teres major inserts beside the tendon of latissimus dorsi, and assists latissimus in its actions
74
Pronator teres
Origin
Insertion
two heads: medial epicondyle of humerous and coronoid process
midway along lateral surface of the radius
75
76
Notes on interosseous, dorsal (hand)
bipennate muscles; remember DAB & PAD - Dorsal interosseous mm. ABduct and Palmar interosseous mm. ADduct - then you can figure out where they must insert to cause these actions (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
77
Movements of the shoulder
78
Innervation of rhomboideus major
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
79
80
Latissimus dorsi
Origin
Insertion
spinous processes of T7-L5, thoracocolumbar facia, iliac crest and last 3 ribs
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
81
Action of opponens digiti minimi
opposes the 5th digit
82
Innervation of pronator teres
median nerve
83
Action of abductor digiti minimi (hand)
abducts the 5th digit
84
Notes on extensor carpi radialis longus
works with the extensor carpi radialis brevis and flexor carpi radialis in abduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)
85
Notes on extensor digitorum
the extensor expansion inserts via a central band on the base of the middle phalanx, while lateral & medial slips insert on the distal phalanx
86
Abductor digiti minimi (hand)
Origin
Insertion
pisiform bone and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
medial side of base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side
87
Innervation of supinator
deep radial nerve
88
Action of biceps brachii
flexes the forearm, flexes arm (long head), supinates
89
Innervation of interosseous, dorsal (hand)
ulnar nerve, deep branch
90
Notes on coracobrachialis
the musculocutaneous nerve passes through the coracobrachialis muscle to reach the other arm flexor mm.(biceps brachii and brachialis)
91
Serratus anterior
Origin
Insertion
ribs 1-8 or 9
medial border of the scapula on its costal (deep) surface
92
Action of pronator teres
pronates the forearm
93
•The humeral head is in a posterior rotation relative to the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This allows the head to be in alignment with the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_while maintaining proper elbow joint alignment.
distal condyles
scapular plane
94
Innervation of interosseous, palmar
ulnar nerve, deep branch
95
Notes on dorsal interosseous (hand)
bipennate muscles; remember DAB & PAD - Dorsal interosseous mm. ABduct and Palmar interosseous mm. ADduct - then you can figure out where they must insert to cause these actions (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
96
Action of palmaris longus
flexes the wrist
97
Action of flexor carpi radialis
flexes the wrist, abducts the hand
98
Action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
extends the wrist; abducts the hand
99
Notes on trapezius
named for its shape; trapezius is an example of a muscle that migrates during development from its level of origin (cervical) to its final position, pulling its nerve and artery along behind
100
Innervation of extensor digitorum
deep radial nerve
101
Notes on serratus posterior superior
a respiratory muscle, it receives ventral ramus innervation; embryonically related to the intercostal muscles, not the deep back mm. (Latin, serratus = to saw)
102
Notes on palmaris longus
palmaris longus is absent in about 13% of forearms; it may be present on one side only
103
Action of extensor pollicis brevis
extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint
104
Innervation of infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
105
Innervation of coracobrachialis
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
106
Innervation of flexor pollicis brevis
recurrent branch of the median nerve
107
2 of 4
## Footnote
Glenohumeral stabilizers of the shoulder –
Infraspinatus
108
Large muscle mover of the shoulder, which
1) anterior part flexes and medial rotates arm
2) medial part abducts arm beyond ___ degrees done by _________ muscle, and
3) posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm?
Deltoid!
Large muscle mover of the shoulder, which
1) **CLAVULAR** PART flexes and medial rotates arm
2) **ACROMIAL** PART abducts arm beyond **\_15\_** degrees done by **\_SUPRASPINATUS\_** muscle, and
3) **SPINAL** PART extends and laterally rotates arm?
109
Innervation of subscapularis
upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6)
110
1. What separates the 2 heads of the pronator teres?
Median Nerve
111
Action of flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit
112
Action of deltoid
abducts arm; anterior fibers flex & medially rotate the arm; posterior fibers extend & laterally rotate the arm
113
Innervation of deltoid
axillary nerve (dislocation of glenhumeral joint can also damage axillary nerve) (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
114
Innervation of brachialis
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
115
Action of extensor carpi radialis longus
extends the wrist; abducts the hand
116
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis
median nerve
117
Action of supraspinatus
abducts the arm (initiates abduction)
118
1. How many muscles originate from the lateral epicondyle
6 (ECRB, ECU, ED, EDM, Anconeus, Supinator)
119
Action of opponens pollicis
opposes the thumb
120
Innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4
121
Notes on infraspinatus
infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis are the rotator cuff muscles
122
Action of brachialis
flexes the forearm
123
Levator scapulae
Origin
Insertion
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
124
Extensor digiti minimi
Origin
Insertion
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion
125
Infraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
infraspinatous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)
126
Notes on rhomboideus major
named for its shape
127
Serratus posterior superior
Origin
Insertion
ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-T3
ribs 1-4, lateral to the angles
128
Trapezius
Origin
Insertion
medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine
129
Notes on abductor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis are located in the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
130
•Humerus Retroversion – The relative position of posterior rotation. Usually around __ degrees?
30°
131
Innervation of dorsal interosseous (hand)
ulnar nerve, deep branch
132
Innervation of supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
133
Notes on flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi are in the hypothenar compartment of the hand
134
Notes on rhomboideus minor
named for its shape
135
136
Lumbrical (hand)
Origin
Insertion
flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 2-5
extensor expansion on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5
137
Onterosseous, dorsal (hand)
Origin
Insertion
four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts
base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit
138
Action of pectoralis major
flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm
139
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin
Insertion
interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius
dorsal base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
140
Innervation of palmaris longus
median nerve
141
neurovascular tracts of the scapula
142
1) What is the “radius” around which the shoulder rotates and by how many degrees?
(i. e., the articulation between your upper limb and the thorax)
2) Name the 3 intrinsic and 1 extrinsic reinforcing ligaments
**The Sternoclavicular Joint** and by **15 – 20 degrees**
**_Intrinsic ligaments_:**
Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
Posterior sternoclavicular ligament
Interclavicular ligament
**_Extrinsic ligaments_**
Costoclavicular ligament (“Supporting the joint”)
143
A fall onto outstreched arm or shourlder frequently causes dislocation of the ________ and damage to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
Acromioclavicular Joint
Coracoclavicular ligaments
144
Innervation of teres minor
axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
145
Notes on serratus anterior
a lesion of long thoracic nerve will cause winging of the scapula (i.e., the medial border of the scapula falls away from the posterior chest wall and looks like an angel's wing) (Latin, serratus = to saw)
146
Notes on lumbrical (hand)
lumbricals, arise from the profundus tendons and have the same pattern of innervation as does the profundus muscle (ulnar and median nn. split the task equally) (Latin, lumbricus = earthworm)
147
148
Supraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
supraspinatous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus (highest facet)
149
Action of infraspinatus
laterally rotates the arm
150
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin
Insertion
posterior surface of the ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
base of 1st metacarpal
151
Innervation of lumbrical (hand)
median nerve (radial 2) via palmar digital nerves & ulnar nerve (ulnar 2) via deep branch
152
Serratus posterior inferior
Origin
Insertion
thoracolumbar fascia, spines of vertebrae T11-T12 and L1-L2
ribs 9-12, lateral to the angles
153
Action of abductor pollicis brevis
abducts thumb
154
Innervation of extensor digiti minimi
deep radial nerve
155
Action of rhomboideus minor
retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
156
Notes on extensor digiti minimi
extensor digiti minimi appears to be the ulnar-most portion of extensor digitorum
157
Innervation of extensor indicis
deep radial nerve
158
Notes on palmar interosseous
unipennate muscles; remember PAD & DAB: Palmar interossei ADduct and Dorsal interossei ABduct, and you will be able to figure out where they must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
159
Action of interosseous, dorsal (hand)
flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as movement away from the midline of the 3rd digit)
160
Dorsal interosseous (hand)
Origin
Insertion
four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts
base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit
161
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve
162
Notes on supraspinatus
supraspinatus initiates abduction of the arm, then the deltoid muscle completes the action; a member of the rotator cuff group
163
Palmaris longus
Origin
Insertion
medial epicondyle of the humerus
distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
164
Rotator cuff muscles
165
Action of extensor pollicis longus
extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint
166
167
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
extends the wrist; adducts the hand
168
Innervation of palmar interosseous
ulnar nerve, deep branch
169
1. What muscles originate on the anterior shaft of the ulna?
FDP, FPL, PQ
170
Innervation of serratus posterior inferior
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12
171
Notes on levator scapulae
levator scapulae is named for its action (Latin, levator = to lift)
172
What artery and nerve pass over and under the passing **superior transverse scapular ligament**?
Suprascapular a. and n.
173
Brachialis
Origin
Insertion
anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular septa
coronoid process of the ulna
174
Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris
deep radial nerve
175
Action of serratus posterior superior
elevates the upper ribs
176
177
1. What passes through the supraglenoid notch?
Suprascapular artery and nerve
178
Notes on extensor pollicis longus
the tendon of extensor pollicis longus hooks around the dorsal radial tubercle; it forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox, in which the radial arterial pulse can be felt (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
179
Palmar interosseous
Origin
Insertion
four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor pollicis m.)
base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5
180
4 of 4
## Footnote
Glenohumeral stabilizers of the shoulder –
Subscapularis
181
Innervation of opponens digiti minimi
ulnar nerve, deep branch
182
Action of dorsal interosseous (hand)
flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as movement away from the midline of the 3rd digit)
183
Action of pronator quadratus
pronates the forearm
184
Teres major
Origin
Insertion
dorsal surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
185
Action of flexor pollicis brevis
flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb
186
Notes on extensor indicis
extensor indicis is a deep forearm extensor, whereas extensor digiti minimi is in the superficial layer of extensors
187
Innervation of serratus posterior superior
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4
188
Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis
recurrent branch of median nerve
189
Action of subclavius
helps resist disclocation, draws the clavicle (and hence the shoulder) down and forward
190
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin
Insertion
interosseous membrane and middle 1/3 of ulna
dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb
191
Notes on supinator
deep radial nerve passes through the supinator to reach the posterior compartment of the forearm
192
193
Scapular stabilizers of the shoulder
–
– &
–
–
Trapezius
Rhomboid major & minor
Levator scapula
Serratus anterior
194
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin
Insertion
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
dorsum of the third metacarpal bone (base)
195
1. Of the muscles that attach to the scapula, how many affect the GHJ?
9 (T. Major/minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, coracobrachialis, S/L head biceps, long head triceps, and deltoid)
196
197
198
Innervation of anconeus
nerve to anconeus, from the radial nerve
199
Notes on flexor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis are the three muscles of the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
200
Adductor pollicis
Origin
Insertion
oblique head: capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; transverse head: shaft of the 3rd metacarpal
base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
201
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
median nerve (radial one-half); ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)
202
•Angle of torsion – The angle of the humeral head relative to the
shaft of the humerus.
203
Innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
204
Notes on subscapularis
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor are the rotator cuff muscles
205
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin
Insertion
**Humero-ulnar head**: medial epicondyle of humerus and cornoid process of ulna; **radial head**: superior half of anterior radius
shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
206
1. T/F: There are 2 muscle attachments to the olecranon of the ulna?
False, 3: Anconeus, triceps (Insertion), FCU (origin)
207
Notes on pectoralis minor
branches of medial pectoral nerve usually pierce pectoralis minor to reach the pectoralis major muscle
208
Innervation of pronator quadratus
median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve
209
Action of extensor digitorum
extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends wrist
210
211
Innervation of adductor pollicis
ulnar nerve, deep branch
212
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Lateral epicondyle of humerus & posterior border of the ulna
dorsal base of 5th metacarpal
213
Action of extensor digiti minimi
extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit
214
1. T/F? Both the Brachialis and Biceps automatically fire during normal elbow flexion?
False (Biceps requires a forceful challenge!)
215
Innervation of pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
216
Action of lumbrical (hand)
flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
217
218
Action of abductor pollicis longus
abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint
219
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin
Insertion
posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane
base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
220
Palmaris brevis
Origin
Insertion
fascia overlying the hypothenar eminence
skin of the palm near the ulnar border of the hand
221
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
common flexor tendon & (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna
pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
222
Extensor digitorum
Origin
Insertion
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
extensor expansion of digits 2-5
223
Innervation of pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
224
Subscapularis
Origin
Insertion
Inervation
Action
Blood Supply
subscapular fossa
lesser tubercle of the humerus (anterior surface)
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Medially rotates arm at shoulder and adducts it, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
Subscapular artery, lateral thoracic artery
225
Action of latissimus dorsi
adducts and medial rotates arm
226
Anconeus
Origin
Insertion
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
lateral side of the olecranon and the upper one-fourth of the ulna
227
Notes on flexor digitorum profundus
ulnar nerve innervates the portion of profundus that acts on digits 4 & 5 (the ulnar 2 digits)
228
1. T/F: Biceps Brachii is the workhorse flexor?
False, the brachialis is!
229
Innervation of biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
230
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin
Insertion
common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
base of the second and third metacarpals
231
232
Action of subscapularis
medially rotates the arm; assists extention of the arm
233
Notes on pronator teres
median nerve passes between the two heads of origin of pronator teres
234
Pectoralis major
Origin
Insertion
medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium & body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from the rectus sheath of the upper abdominal wall
crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
235
Innervation of brachioradialis
radial nerve
236
1. What muscles in the posterior forearm are innervated by the radial nerve?
Anconeus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL), Brachioradialis
237
3 of 4
## Footnote
Glenohumeral stabilizers of the shoulder –
Teres minor
238
Innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve (from ventral rami C5-C7)
239
Abductor pollicis brevis
Origin
Insertion
flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit
240
Name the boundaries and contents of the **quadrangular space**.
superior boundary is the **teres minor**
inferior boundary is the **teres major**
medial boundary is the **long head of the triceps brachii**
lateral boundary is the **humerus**
contents are the **axillary nerve** and **posterior circumflex humeral artery**
241
Innervation of extensor pollicis longus
deep radial nerve
242
1. What are the borders of the quadrangular space/what does it contain?
Teres minor/major, Long Head Triceps, Surgical Neck. Axillary nerve.
243
Notes on flexor carpi ulnaris
the ulnar nerve passes between the two heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris m. (Greek, carpi = the wrist)
244
Notes on subclavius
it serves an important protective function - it cushions the subclavian vessels from bone fragments in clavicular fractures
245
Notes on pronator quadratus
pronator quadratus is the deepest muscle in the distal forearm; it works with pronator teres and has the same nerve supply
246
1 of 4
## Footnote
Glenohumeral stabilizers of the shoulder –
Supraspinatus
247
Opponens pollicis
Origin
Insertion
flexor retinaculum, trapezium
shaft of 1st metacarpal
248
Innervation of teres major
lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
249
Innervation of subclavius
nerve to subclavius (C5)
250
Innervation of triceps brachii
radial nerve
251
Coracobrachialis
Origin
Insertion
coracoid process of the scapula
medial side of the humerus at mid-shaft
252
Action of brachioradialis
flexes the elbow, assists in pronation & supination
253
1. What are the only muscles that perform internal rotation at the GHJ?
Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Pec Major, Subscapularis
254
Action of supinator
supinates the forearm
255
256
Innervation of abductor pollicis longus
radial nerve, deep branch
257
Humerus Angle of inclination – In the frontal plane the humeral head is angled at ______ degress to the long axis of the humeral shaft.
135° to the long axis of the humeral shaft.
258
5 (1) Scapular stabilizers of the shoulder
Scapular stabilizers of the shoulder: •Trapezius •Rhomboid major •Rhomboid minor •Levator Scapulae •Serratus Anterior •(Pectoralis minor)
259
260
Notes on opponens pollicis
opposition is a rotational movement of the 1st metacarpal around the long axis of its shaft; opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis are in the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin, pollicis = the thumb)
261
Action of palmaris brevis
draws the skin of the ulnar side of the hand toward the center of the palm
262
Notes on abductor digiti minimi (hand)
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi are located in the hypothenar compartment of the hand
263
Action of anconeus
extends the forearm
264
1. Deep palmar arch is made up of what artery (_predominantly)_
Radial
265
Action of teres major
adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm, assists in arm extension
266
Innervation of trapezius
motor: spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4
267
1. A person complains of shoulder pain that arises while Abducting his arm at the GHJ. The pain is not there until his arm passes 90 degrees. What could be the 4 possibilities that could be causing this pain?
1. Supraspinatus, GHJ capsule, LH Biceps (Tendonitis), Subacromial/Deltoid Bursa
268
Pronator quadratus
Origin
Insertion
medial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna
anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius
269
1. What are the 6 things the radial nerve does as it approaches the radial groove?
Innervates triceps, anconeus, posterior arm skin, posterior forearm skin
270
Extensor indicis
Origin
Insertion
interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna
its tendon joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit; both tendons insert into the extensor expansion
271
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
flexes the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints
272
Notes on deltoid
the deltoid muscle is the principle abductor of the arm but due to poor mechanical advantage it cannot initiate this action; it is assisted by the supraspinatus m.
273
Notes on serratus posterior inferior
a respiratory muscle, it receives ventral ramus innervation; embryonically related to the intercostal muscles, not the deep back mm. (Latin, serratus = to saw)
274
Action of levator scapulae
elevates the scapula
275
Supinator
Origin
Insertion
lateral epicondyle of humerus and supinator crest of ulna
lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
276
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin
Insertion
lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
dorsum of the second metacarpal bone (base)
277
Action of rhomboideus major
retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
278
Innervation of opponens pollicis
recurrent branch of median nerve
279
Notes on biceps brachii
a powerful supinator only if the elbow is flexed
280
281
282
283
284
What type of bone is the pisiform?
sesamoid
285
Fracture of what wrist bone causes problems with healing and necrosis?
Scaphoid
286
Damage to what wrist bone causes problems with the ulnar nerve and also problems with grip strentgth?
Hamate
287
288
Saddle joint which give movement to thumb known as and between which bones?
(Most common site for osteoarthritis)
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Trapezium and 1st metacapal
289
•The articular discthat excludes ulna from the Distal Radioulnar joint?
Triangular fibrocartilage (TFC)
290
291
Guyon's Canal is ______ to the flexor retinaculum and which nerve travels through it, vs. which nerve, also known as nerve for opposition, travels through the carpal tunnel?
Superficial
Ulnar
Median
