upper limb

Question 1

Muscles of anterior pectoral compartment

Answer 1

pec major, minor
subclavius
serratus anterior

Question 2

pec minor attach

Answer 2

Ribs 2-5

Coracoid process

Question 3

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

Answer 3

medial half of clavicle, costal cartilages (all), lateral lip of the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus)

Question 4

subclavius attach

Answer 4

1st costochondral joint Clavicle

Question 5

Serratus A attachment

Answer 5

Medial border of the costal surface of the scapula Anteriorly attaches to the ribs (1-9)

Question 6

muscles of posterior compartment

Answer 6

trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids (minor and major)

Question 7

Lats attach

Answer 7

Thoracolumbar fascia and posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest

to Floor of the intertubercular sulcus

Question 8

rhomboids attach

Answer 8

Both attach distally to the medial border of the scapula Rhomboid minor attaches proximally to the spinous processes of C7 and T1 Rhomboid major attaches proximally to the spinous processes of T2-T5

Question 9

levator scapulae attachment

Answer 9

Attaches proximally to the transverse processes of C1-C4

Attaches distally to the superior angle of the scapula

Question 10

levator scap function

Answer 10

elevate and rotate scapula

Question 11

Deltoid attachments

Answer 11

Proximal – lateral 1/3 of the clavicle (deltoid tubercle of clavicle), acromion process and crest of the spine of the scapula (deltoid tubercle of spine of scapula)

Distal – deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 12

supraspinatus attachment

infraspinatus attachment

Answer 12

supraspinatus fossa to greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus fossa to greater tubercle of hum

Question 13

Which intrinsic shoulder muscles are involved in abducting arm

Answer 13

Supraspinatus is important in the first 15 degree of abduction of the arm, then the deltoid takes over.

Question 14

teres major

Answer 14

Inferior angle of the scapula to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus
Medial lip is different to lesser tuberosity of the humerus. Medial Lip refers to the medial ‘edge’ of the groove from top to bottom of the sulcus. Lesser tuberosity is only a small circular bit at the top of the humerus (search up a pic)

Question 15

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the arm and which nerve innervates them?

Answer 15

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 16

coracobrachialis attachment

Answer 16

coracoid process to anteromedial surface of the shaft of humerus

Question 17

brachialis attachment

Answer 17

Proximal: shaft of the humerus
Distal: coronoid process of ulna

Question 18

triceps attachment

Answer 18

Long head – infraglenoid tubercle
Medial and lateral head – proximal part of the shaft of the humerus
Distal attachment: olecranon process of the ulna

Question 19

anconeous attachment

Answer 19

Proximal: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Distal: shaft of the ulna

Question 20

Which three ligaments surround the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 20

Glenohumeral ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament

Question 21

What is the ligament of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 21

acromioclavicular ligament (superior and inferior)

Question 22

type of joint glenohumeral

Answer 22

ball in socket synovial

Question 23

what is the glenoid cavity deepened by

Answer 23

glenuhumeral labrum (lip)
fibrocartilaginous ring

Question 24

What structure is found between the superior surface of the humerus and the inferior surface of the acromion?

Answer 24

subacromial bursa

Question 25

scapulothoracic joint (virtual joint) movements

Answer 25

Elevation/depression Protraction/retraction Rotation

Question 26

shape of axilla and contents

Answer 26

``` pyramid Nerves – the brachial plexus Arteries – axillary artery and its branches Veins – axillary vein and its branches Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes ```

Question 27

axilla borders

Answer 27

Anterior wall – pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subclavius Lateral wall – humerus (intertubercular sulcus) Medial wall – upper thoracic wall and serratus anterior Posterior wall – costal surface of scapula, subscapularis muscle, teres major and distal part of latissimus dorsi

Question 28

what does the median cub vein join

Answer 28

basilic and cephalic veins (part of superficial drainage system)

Question 29

What are the veins on the dorsal side of the hand called? What are the two venous arches that drains the palms?

Answer 29

Dorsal venous network , this drains to cephalic and basilic veins (the superficial venous system) Arches that drain the palm: Superficial palmar venous arch- drains to ulnar vein Deep palmar venous arch - drains radial vein these are both venae comitantes that accompany the superficial and deep palmar arches (the artery equivalent)

Question 30

lymph nodes of shoulder and arm

Answer 30

Cubital lymph nodes Delto-pectoral lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes

Question 31

what tendon is the pisiform bone (sesamoid) enclosed in

Answer 31

tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 32

Deep ant. compartment of forearm

Answer 32

Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

Question 33

which muscles originate from common flexor tendon/origin

Answer 33

``` Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Flexor digitorum superficialis ``` (ie the superficial layer)

Question 34

what is a retinaculum

Answer 34

A retinaculum (plural retinacula) is a band around tendons that holds them in place. It is not part of any muscle. Its function is mostly to stabilize a tendon. The term retinaculum is New Latin, derived from the Latin verb retinere (to RETAIN ie retain tendons). so flexor retinaculum = retain the flexors

Question 35

Which muscle tendon is continuous with palmar aponeurosis

Answer 35

Palmaris longus tendon NOTE: palmaris longus tendon isn’t present in everyone and before it spreads to form the palmar aponeurosis, it is attached to the flexor retinaculum

Question 36

What can be palpated in the anatomical snuffbox? What vessel is in this area What tendons mark the snuffbox boundaries

Answer 36

Scaphoid (this is often fractured when trying to break a fall) Branch of the radial artery ``` boundaries = medial border (wrt midline of hand): extensor pollicis longus lateral border: extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus ```

Question 37

main ligaments at the elbow

Answer 37

Radial collateral ligament Ulnar collateral ligament (3 parts) Anular ligament

Question 38

3 p[arts of ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 38

Anterior band Posterior band Oblique band

Question 39

Carrying angle of genders

Answer 39

10-15 Males | >15 females