upper limb anatomy (part 2) Flashcards
scapula
Bone classification
Flat bone
Features
Body
Costal (anterior) surface
Subscapular fossa
Dorsal (posterior) surface
Spine
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Acromion process
scapula features
Body
3 Borders
Superior
suprascapular notch
Medial
Lateral
3 angles
Superior
Inferior
Lateral
scapula - lateral aspect
Features
Head
- Glenoid cavity
Neck
- Process
- Coracoid process
- Acromion process
scapula - ossification centres
Primary ossification centre:
Body
Secondary ossification centres:
Subcoracoid region
Coracoid
Acromion (2 centres)
Inferior angle
Medial border
Glenoid cavity
clavicle
Bone classification
Long bone
Bone division
Sternal (medial) end
Shaft
Feature
Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line
Acromial (lateral) end
clavicle - ossification centres
Primary ossification centre:
Shaft
Secondary ossification centres:
Sternal end
joint pathology and radiographic appearance
Radiological features -Dislocation
Articulating bone within the joint nolonger sits in true anatomical position
Comes with associated ligamentous injury (Look for avulsion #)
Fracture/dislocations are relatively common
Presents usually as obvious deformity
Direction of dislocation can often be diagnosed radiographically
humerus
Bone classification
Long bone
Bone division
Proximal (upper) end
Shaft Distal (lower) end
Proximal (upper) end of humerus
Features
* Head of Humerus
* Anatomical Neck
* Greater tuberosity
* Lesser tuberosity
* Bicipital groove (intertuberoussulcus)
* Surgical neck
Shaft of humerus features
Features
Deltoid tuberosity
Borders
Anterior
Medial
Lateral
Spiral groove
Surfaces
Posterior
Anterolateral
Anteromedial
Distal (lower) end of humerus
Features
* Capitulum
* Trochlea
* Medial epicondyle
* Medial supracondylar ridge
* Lateral epicondyle
* Lateral supracondylar ridge
* Coronoid fossa
* Radial fossa
* Olecranon fossa
* Ulnar groove
humerus ossification
Primary ossification centre:
Shaft
Secondary ossification centres:
Proximal end:
Head
Greater tuberosity
Lesser tuberosity
Distal end
Capitulum
Medial epicondyle
Trochlea
Lateral epicondyle
Humerus- Common pathology
Humeral shaft fracture
Pathological fracture
Osteoporosis
Elbow- Soft tissue signs
The soft tissue around the elbow cantell us a great deal regarding potentialpathology
- You should look for the presence ofeffusion
- The presence of a fat-pad can beindicative of fracture
Anterior fat pad : Possibly abnormal- Posterior fat pad : Always abnorma
Elbow Common pathology
Radial head fracture
Olecranon fracture
Supracondylar fracture
Dislocation
