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Anatomy > Upper Limb I > Flashcards

Upper Limb I Flashcards

1
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles-stabilize should joint

A

S.I.T.S

  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
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2
Q 
Supraspinatus:
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus, tendon passes inferior to the acromion
F: Initiates humeral abduction (first 15 degrees)
I: Suprascapular nerve

Tendon of supraspinatus is protected front he overlying acromion by Subacromial bursa and from the deltoid by the Subdeltoid bursa.

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3
Q 
Infraspinatus
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
F: Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
I: Suprascapular nerve

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4
Q 
Teres Minor
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
F: Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
I: Axillary nerve

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5
Q 
Subscapularis
Origin: 
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
F: Medial rotation and adduction, stabilize shoulder joint
I: Upper and lower subscapular nerve

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6
Q 
Pectoralis major
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: proximal 1/2 half of clavicle, Sternum, Upper costal cartilages (first 7 ribs)
I: Humerus (lateral lip)
F: Adductor, medially rotate, flex arm (pat on the back)
I: Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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7
Q 
Pectoralis minor
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process of scapula
F: depress, protract, and downward rotate the scapula
I: Medial pectoral nerve

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8
Q 
Serratus Anterior
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Ribs 1-8
I: Anterior scapula (medial border)
F: Primary protraction of the scapula
I: Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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9
Q 
Teres Major
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove
F: Extend, adduct and medial rotation of humerus (hint: same as latissimus dorsi)
I: Lower subscapular nerve

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10
Q 
Deltoid
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
A

O: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F: Entire muscle abducts arm from 15-120 degrees; anterior part flexes and medially rotates arm; posterior part extends and laterally rotates arm
I: Axillary nerve

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11
Q 
Biceps Brachii
Origin of long head:
Origin of short head:
Innervation:
Function:
Innervate:
Vascular:
A

O: long head: Supraglenoid tubercle
O: short head: Coracoid process
I: Radial tuberosity (bicipitoradial bursa protects the tendon against abrasion from the tuberosity)
F: supinate forearm, flexes arm and forearm (when supinated)
I: Musculocutaneous nerve
V: Brachial artery

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12
Q 
Coracobrachialis
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
Vascular supply:
A 
O: coracoid process
I: Medial surface of humerus
F: Adduction and flexion of arm, stabilizes glenohumeral joint
I: Musculocutaneous nerve
V: Brachial artery
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13
Q 
Brachialis
Origin:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
Vascular supply:
A 
O: distal anterior humerus
I: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
F: flexes forearm (1 degree flexor)
I: Musculocutaneous nerve
V: Radial recurrent artery
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14
Q 
Triceps brachii
Origin of long head:
Origin of lateral head:
Origin of medial head:
Insertion:
Function:
Innervation:
Vascular supply:
A

O: Long: Infraglenoid tubercle
O: Lateral: Posterior humerus (lateral to the radial groove)
O: Medial: Posterior humerus (distal and medial to the radial groove)
I: Three heads converge onto a single strong tendon which inserts on the olecranon of ulna. Subtendinous olecranon bursa protects this tendon from the rough surface of the olecranon.
F: Extension at elbow
I: Radial nerve
Vascular: Profunda brachii

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15
Q

Neurovascular tracts of the scapula. Suprascapular notch:
Boundaries?
Transmitted structures?

A

B: Superior transverse scapular ligament, scapula
TS: Suprascapular artery and nerve

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16
Q

Neurovascular tracts of the scapula. Medial Border:
Boundaries?
Transmitted structures?

A

B: Scapula
TS: Dorsal scapular artery and nerve

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17
Q

Neurovascular tracts of the scapula.
Triangular space:
Boundaries?
Transmitted structures?

A

B: Teres major and minor, long head of triceps brachii
TS: Circumflex scapular artery

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18
Q

Neurovascular tracts of the scapula.
Triangular interval (triceps hiatus):
Boundaries?
Transmitted structures?

A

B: Triceps brachii, humerus, Teres major
TS: Profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

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19
Q

Neurovascular tracts of the scapula.
Quadrangular space:
Boundaries?
Transmitted structures?

A

B: Teres major and minor, triceps brachii, humerus
TS: Posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve

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20
Q

Clavicle

A

Only bony connection between the upper limbs and the axial skeleton.

  • sterna facet (medially) and an acromial facet (laterally)
  • lateral portion of the inferior surface supports the Conoid tubercle and Trapezoid line (ligament attachment)
  • medial portion of the inferior surface includes the subclavian groove
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21
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

-synovial joint with an internal cartilaginous disc, located between the Clavicular Notch of the Manubrium and the sterna facet of the proximal clavicle.

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22
Q

Ligamentous support of Sternoclavicular Joint

A
  1. anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament- cover either side of the joint and spread onto the respective surfaces of the manubrium
  2. Interclavicular ligament- connects the superior surfaces of the contralateral clavicles. Follows the contours of the superior surface of the manubrium, including the large median depression, the Jugular Notch
  3. Costoclavicular ligament- connects the inferior surface of th eproximal clavicle to the superior surface of the costal cartilage and distal tip of the 1st rib.
23
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A
  • synovial joint, with an internal cartilaginous disc, between the acromial facet of the distal clavicle and the anterior end of the acromion process.
  • covered by the acromioclavicular ligament
24
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A

-composed of two ligaments that suspend the scapula from the clavicle.
A. Conoid ligament- attaches the medial base of the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle on the in inferior surface of the clavicle.
B. Trapezoid ligament- attaches the lateral base of the coracoid process to the trapezoid line on the inferior surface of the clavicle.

25
Q

Coracoacromial ligament

A
  • does not contact the clavicle, rather it spans from the acromion process to the coracoid process.
  • forms a reinforcing arch over the superior surface of the glenohumeral joint.
26
Q 
Subclavious:
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
Innervation?
A

O: superior surface of the distal tip and costal cartilage of the 1st rib. Integrates with the costoclavicular ligament
F: depress the clavicle, seat the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint.
I: Nerve to subclavius

27
Q

Boundaries of the Axilla:

  • Medial wall
  • Ventral wall
  • Dorsal wall
  • Lateral wall
  • Base
A

Medial- formed by the lateral surface of the first five ribs, as well as the covering serratus anterior
Ventral- formed by the pec minor and pec major, as well as their associated fasciae
Dorsal- formed by the ventral surface of the scapula (subscabular fossa) and the covering subscapularis muscle. Also formed by the Teres major and Teres minor as well as the closely associated latissimus dorsi.
Lateral- Intertubercular (Bicipital)vGroove and its medial and lateral borders.
Base- axillary fascia and the skin

28
Q

Clavipectoral Fascia

  • Pectoral
  • Axillary
  • Deltopectoral Triangle
A

-deep to pectoral fascia and pec major, from clavicle down, enclosing the subclavius and pec minor.

29
Q

Pectoral Fascia

A

-invests the pectoralis major-continues inferiorly with the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and laterally with the axillary fascia

30
Q

Axillary Fascia

A

-superficial fascia that extends between the pectoral fascia (ventrally) and the fascia of latissimus dorsi (dorsally). The inner surface of the axillary fascia is continuous with the distal end of the suspension ligament of the axilla.

31
Q

Deltopectoral Triangle

A

Forms between:

  1. The superolateral surface of the pec major
  2. Superomedial surface of deltoid
  3. Inferior surface of the clavicle
    - is one part of the Infraclavicular Fossa, and the “floor” of the triangle is formed by the Clavipectoral fascia.
    - pierced by the Cephalic Vein (from the lateral surface of the arm)
    - coursing with the cephalic vein through the clavipectoral fascia, but not extending to the surface, are the lateral pectoral nerves and the pectoral branch of the Thoracoacromial artery.
32
Q

Basilic Hiatus

A

-basilic vein pierces the deep fascia (basilic hiatus) at roughly 60% along the length of the humerus; by piercing the deep fascia the basilic vein exits the superficial fascia and enters the anterior compartment of the arm

33
Q

Lateral Intermuscular Septum-from the deep fascia

A

-attaches the lateral apicondyle and lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, and along the lateral surface of the humerus as far proximally as the deltoid tuberosity.

34
Q

Medial Intermuscular Septum- from the deep fascia

A

-attaches to the medial epicondyle and medial supracondylar ridge of the humerus, and along the medial surface of the humerus as far proximally as the insertion of Teres major on the medial border of the inertuburcular groove

35
Q 
Aconeus:
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
Innervation?
Vascular supply?
A

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: olecranon and adjacent shaft of ulna
F: assists in extending the forearm and stabilizing the elbow joint and joint capsule
I: Radial nerve
Vascular: Profunda brachii artery and recurrent interosseus artery.

36
Q 
Brachioradialis 
Origin?
Insertion?
Function?
Innervation?
Vascular supply?
A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: lateral surface of the distal radius
F: flexion of the elbow, a lesser role in supination
I: Radial nerve
V: Radial recurrent artery

37
Q

Glenn is Labrum

A

Rim of fibrocartilage that extends laterally from glenoid fossa

38
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Glenohumeral joint anchors medially on the outer margin of the glenoid labrum, and lateraly along the anatomical neck of the humerus.

39
Q

3 specialization of the synovial system

A
  1. Axillary Recess- expansive inferiorly
  2. Subtendinous Bursa of the Subscapularis- evaginates anterosuperiorly
    3?
40
Q

Joint capsule: 4 ligaments

  • Superior, Middle, Inferior Glenohumeral
  • Coracohumeral
A
  • 3 span the anterior surface of the joint (from the anterior surface of the neck of the scapula to the lesser tubercle of the humerus) and are named based not their relative level
  • spans from the base of the coacoid process along the superior surface of the glenohumeral joint to the greater tubercle.
41
Q

Transverse Humeral Ligament

A

-immediately inferior to the coracohumeral ligament. Attaches to the lesser and greater tubercles, spanning the intertubucular groove and functioning to prevent bowstringing of the tendon of the biceps brachii.

42
Q

Subacromial Bursa

A

-located immediately inferior to the acromion process and immediately superior to the tendon of supraspinatus.

43
Q

Subdeltoid Bursa

A
  • continuous off subacromial

- located between the glenohumeral joint and greater tubercle (deep) and the deltoid (superficial)

44
Q

Subtendinous Bursa of the Subscapularis

A

-located anterior to the subacromial bursa, deep to the coracoid process and superficail to the tendon of subscapularis.

45
Q

Annular Ligament

A
  • maintains integrity of the proximal radiolunar joint
  • attached to the superior margin of the radial notch, loops aroun the head and neck of the radius, then attaches to the inferior margin of the radial notch and the posterior surface of the ulna.
46
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow

A
  • angular ligament fits snugly around the neck and head of the radius.
  • sharp jerk on hand or forearm can pull the radius free of the annular ligament dislocating the radioulnar joint.
47
Q

Radial Colletaral Ligament

A
  • reinforces the numerous-radial joint
  • originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus then fans out as it crosses the humero-radial joint before integrating into the fibers of the annular ligament
48
Q

Ulnar collateral Ligament

A
  • reinforces the humero-ulnar joint

- spans from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon

49
Q

3 bands of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament

A

Anterior band- thickest portion connecting the medial epicondyle to the tubercle located on the medial surface of the coronoid process
Posterior band- broad, thin, sheet-like ligament spanning from the medial epicondyle to the medial margin of the olecranon.
Oblique band- Connects the distal tip of the medial olecranon to the tubercle on the medial surface of the coronoid process. Runs from one portion of ulna to another part but, crosses, and strengthens, the humeroulnar joint.

50
Q

Ulnar Notch

A

-during supination/pronation the ulnar notch traverses the smoothie rounded surface of the Head of the Ulna

51
Q

Median Nerve

A
  • extends along the medial bicipital groove to the elbow
  • at cubical fossa diverges medially (with the brachial artery), coursing under the bicipital aponeurosis.
  • as it exits the cubical fossa it passes b/t the two heads of the pronator terres on the medial border of the cubical fossa.
52
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • courses b/t the distal ends of the biceps brachi and brachialis to emerge on the lateral surface of these muscles neat the superior margin of the cubital fossa.
  • Penetrates the fascia to become the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
53
Q

Radial nerve

A
  • emerges from the Radial Tunnel which is formed laterally by brachioradialis and medially by brachialis.
  • courses along the deep surface of brachioradialis passing along the surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
54
Q

Ulnar nerve

A
  • courses with the median nerve and axillary artery.
  • pierces the medial Intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment of the arm where it courses along the anterior surface of the medial head of triceps brachii.

Anatomy (4 decks)

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