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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics > Upper Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What main muscle groups make up the upper limb?

A

Upper arm muscles
Shoulder muscles
Intrinsic muscles of scapula

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the shoulder?

A

A ball and socket joint

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3
Q

Which muscles make up the external and lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A

-infraspinatus
-teres minor

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4
Q

Which muscles make up the internal and medial rotation of the shoulder?

A

-subscapularis
-pectoralis major
-latissimus dorsi
-teres major
-anterior deltoid

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5
Q

Which muscles make up the flexion of the shoulder?

A

-pectoralis major
-anterior deltoid
-coracobrachialis
-biceps brachii

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6
Q

Which muscles make up the extension of the shoulder?

A

-latissimus dorsi
-teres major
-posterior deltoid

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7
Q

Which muscles make up the abduction of the shoulder?

A

-supraspinatus
-deltoid

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8
Q

Which muscles make up the adduction of the shoulder?

A

-pectoralis major
-latissimus dorsi
-teres major
-coracobrachialis

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9
Q

Which muscles make up the intrinsic muscles of the scapula/rotator cuff?

A

-teres minor
-subscapularis
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus

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10
Q

Why are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder important?

A

The shoulder is an unstable joint.
These muscles keep the head of the humerus inside the shoulder joint.

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11
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Abduction and shoulder stabilisation

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12
Q

Where is the origin of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

It is found in the medial two thirds of the supraspinatus fossa.

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13
Q

Where is the insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

The superior aspect of greater tubercle of the humerus.

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14
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

External rotation and shoulder stabilisation.

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15
Q

Where is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

It is found in the medial aspect of the infraspinatus fossa.

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16
Q

Where is the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

The posterior aspect of the greater tubercle of humerus posterior to the insertion of the supraspinatus.

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17
Q

Which muscles control shoulder movement?

A

-pectoralis major
-pectoralis minor
-deltoid
-serratus anterior

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18
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

Internal rotation
Horizontal adduction

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19
Q

Where is the origin of the pectoralis major?

A

Medial 2/3 clavicle
Sternum
Upper 6 costal cartilages
External oblique aponeuroses

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20
Q

Where is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
Below greater tubercle

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21
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

Protracts and laterally rotates scapula

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22
Q

Where is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

Anterior surface of ribs 3-5

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23
Q

Where is the insertion of pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

24
Q

What is the action of the deltoid anterior?

A

Abducts and internally rotates shoulder

25
Q

Where is the origin of the deltoid anterior?

A

Lateral third of clavicle

26
Q

Where is the insertion of the deltoid anterior?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

27
Q

What is the action of the deltoid medial?

A

Abducts shoulder

28
Q

Where is the origin of the deltoid medial?

A

Lateral border of acromion process
Lateral clavicle

29
Q

Where is the insertion of the deltoid medial?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

30
Q

What is the action of the deltoid posterior?

A

Abducts and externally rotates shoulder

31
Q

Where is the origin of the deltoid posterior?

A

Inferior border of spine of scapula

32
Q

Where is the insertion of the deltoid posterior?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

33
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Protracts scapula rotates laterally

34
Q

Where is the origin of the serratus anterior?

A

Ribs 1-9 at side of chest

35
Q

Where is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula and inferior angle

36
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge joint

37
Q

What movement does the elbow allow?

A

Extension and flexion of the forearm

38
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the extension of the forearm?

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus

39
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the flexion of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

40
Q

Which two joints make up the radioulnar joints?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint

41
Q

Where is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Located near the elbow

42
Q

What is the articulation of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Is between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna

43
Q

Where is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Located near the wrist

44
Q

What is the articulation of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Is between the ulnar notch of the radius and ulnar head.

45
Q

What kind of joints are the proximal and distal radioulnar joint?

A

Pivot

46
Q

What muscles make up the pronation of the elbow?

A

Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres

47
Q

What muscles make up the supination of the elbow?

A

Supinator
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis

48
Q

Which three flexors make up the upper arm?

A

Brachialis
Biceps
Brachioradialis

49
Q

Which two muscles are responsible for elbow extension?

A

Triceps
Anconeus

50
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

Elbow flexion
Elbow supination
Shoulder flexion

51
Q

Where is the origin of the biceps brachii?

A

Long head : supraglenoid tubercle of glenoid fossa
Short head : coracoid process of scapula

52
Q

Where is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

Radial tuberosity

53
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

Elbow extension
Shoulder extension

54
Q

Where is the origin of triceps brachii?

A

Long head : infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head : upper half of posterior surface of humerus
Medial head : distal 2/3 of posterior surface of humerus

55
Q

Where is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics (14 decks)

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