Upper Limb Muscles

Question 1

Deltoid Orgin

Answer 1

Lateral third of clavicle Lateral acrmion Inferior edge of spine of scapula

Question 2

Deltoid Attachment

Answer 2

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 3

Deltoid Innervation

Answer 3

Axillary nerve

Question 4

Deltoid Action

Answer 4

Clavicular part: flexes and medially rotates arm Acromial part: abducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees done by supraspinatus Spinal part: extends and laterally rotates arm

Question 5

Deltoid Blood Supply

Answer 5

Posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoraco-acromial artery

Question 6

Infraspinatus Orgin

Answer 6

Infraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia

Question 7

Infraspinatus Insertion

Answer 7

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humeru

Question 8

Infraspinatus Innervation

Answer 8

Suprascapular nerve

Question 9

Infraspinatus Action

Answer 9

Lateral rotation of arm (with teres minor)

Question 10

Infraspinatus Blood Supply

Answer 10

Suprascapular artery

Question 11

Pectoralis Major Origin

Answer 11

Sternal half of clavicle, sternum of 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Question 12

Pectoralis Major Insertion

Answer 12

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 13

Pectoralis Major Innervation

Answer 13

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 14

Pectoralis Major Action

Answer 14

Flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm medially

Question 15

Pectoralis Major Blood Supply

Answer 15

Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery, perforating branches of internal thoraric artery

Question 16

Pectoralis Minor Origin

Answer 16

Outer surface of upper margin of ribs 3-5

Question 17

Pectoralis Minor Attachment

Answer 17

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 18

Pectoralis Minor Innervation

Answer 18

Medial Pectoral nerve

Question 19

Pectoralis Minor Action

Answer 19

Lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula

Question 20

Pectoralis Minor Blood Supply

Answer 20

Pectoral branch of thoraco-acromial and intercostal lateral thoracic arteries

Question 21

Serratus Anterior Origin

Answer 21

Lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs

Question 22

Serratus Anterior Insertion

Answer 22

Costal surface of medial border of scapula

Question 23

Serratus Anterior Innervation

Answer 23

Long thoracic nerve

Question 24

Serratus anterior Action

Answer 24

Protract and rotate scapula and hold it against thoracic wall

Question 25

Serratus Anterior Blood Supply

Answer 25

Lateral thoracic artery

Question 26

Subclavius Origin

Answer 26

Upper border of 1st rib and its cartilage

Question 27

Subclavius attachment

Answer 27

Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Question 28

Subclavius innervation

Answer 28

Nerve to subclavius

Question 29

Subclavius action

Answer 29

Anchors and depresses clavicle

Question 30

Subclavius blood supply

Answer 30

clavicular branch of thoraco-acromial artery

Question 31

Supraspinatus origin

Answer 31

Supraspinous fossa of scapula and deep fascia

Question 32

Supraspinatus attachment

Answer 32

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 33

Supraspinatus innervation

Answer 33

Suprascapular Nerve

Question 34

Supraspinatus action

Answer 34

initaties arm abduction, acts with rotator cuff muscles

Question 35

Supraspinatus blood supply

Answer 35

Suprascapular artery

Question 36

Teres Major Origin

Answer 36

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Question 37

Teres Major Attachment

Answer 37

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 38

Teres Major Innervation

Answer 38

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 39

Teres major action

Answer 39

Adducts and medially rotates arm

Question 40

Teres major blood supply

Answer 40

Circumflex scapular artery

Question 41

Teres minor origin

Answer 41

Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula

Question 42

Teres minor attachment

Answer 42

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 43

Teres minor innervation

Answer 43

Axillary nerve

Question 44

Teres minor action

Answer 44

Laterally rotates arm

Question 45

Teres minor blood supply

Answer 45

Circumflex scapular artery

Question 46

subscapularis orign

Answer 46

subscapular fossa

Question 47

subscapularis attachment

Answer 47

Lesser tubercle of humerus ## Footnote **All SITS muscles are going to be on a tubercle!**

Question 48

subscapularis innervation

Answer 48

upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 49

subscapularis action

Answer 49

medially rotates the arm at shoulder and adducts it, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity.

Question 50

subscapularis blood supply

Answer 50

subscapular artery, lateral thoracic artery

Question 51

Brachialis

Answer 51

Compartment * Flexor (anterior) arm Proximal Attachment * distal half of anterior Humerus Distal Attachment * Coronoid process and Ulnar Tuberosity Action * Flexion @ Elbow Joint Innervation * Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 - C7) Blood Supply * Brachial Artery

Question 52

Biceps Brachii

Answer 52

Compartment * Flexor (anterior) arm Proximal Attachment * Corocoid Process (short head) and supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head, through the bicipital groove) Distal Attachment * Radial Tuberosity and forearm fascia via bicipital aponeurosis Action * Elbow flexion and forearm supination Innervation * Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 - C7) Blood Supply * Brachial Artery

Question 53

Coracobrachialis

Answer 53

Compartment * Flexor (anterior) arm Proximal Attachment * Coracoid process of scapula Distal Attachment * Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus Action * Flexion and adduction of arm @ shoulder joint Innervation * Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 - C7) Blood Supply * Brachial Artery

Question 54

Triceps Brachii

Answer 54

**Compartment** * Extensor (posterior) arm - 2 muscles **Proximal Attachment** * Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula * Lateral head - posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove * Medial head - posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove **Distal Attachment** * Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm **Action** * Extensor of forearmat elbow joint **Innervation** * Radial N. **Blood Supply** * Profunda Brachii Artery (deep brachial artery)

Question 55

Anconeus

Answer 55

**Compartment** * Extensor (posterior) arm **Proximal Attachment** * Lateral epicondyle of humerus **Distal Attachment** * Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna **Action** * Assists tricep with forearm extension; stabilizes elbow joint **Innervation** * Radial N. **Blood Supply** * Interosseous Recurrent Artery (branch of posterior interosseous artery)

Question 56

Pronator Teres

Answer 56

**Compartment** * Superficial Flexor/Pronator Forearm (**P**FPF) **Proximal Attachment** * Medial epicondyle of humerus **Distal Attachment** * Lateral surface of radius **Action** * Pronation and flexion of forearm @ elbow joint **Innervation** * Median N. **Blood Supply** * Ulnar Artery (and radial artery)

Question 57

Bony Attachments Flexor Forearm

Answer 57

Question 58

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 58

**Compartment** * Superficial flexor/pronator forearm (P**F**PF) **Proximal Attachment** * Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) **Distal Attachment** * Index finger (2nd) metacarpal **Action** * Flexion and abduction @ wrist joint **Innervation** * Median N. **Blood Supply** * Ulnar Artery

Question 59

Palmaris Longus

Answer 59

**Compartment** * Superficial flexor/pronator forearm (PF**P**F) **Proximal Attachment** * Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle) **Distal Attachment** * Flexor Retinaculum/Palmar Aponeurosis **Action** * Wrist Flexion **Innervation** * Median Nerve **Blood Supply** * Ulnar Artery

Question 60

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 60

**Compartment** * Superficial flexor/pronator forearm (PFP**F**) **Proximal Attachment** * *Humeral Head*: Common Flexor Tendon * *Ulnar Head*: Olecranon **Distal Attachment** * Pisiform * Hook of Hamate * 5th metacarpal **Action** * Wrist Flexion and Adduction **Innervation** * Ulnar Nerve (1 of 1.5 exception) **Blood Supply** * Ulnar Artery

Question 61

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Answer 61

**Compartment** * Intermediate flexor/pronator forearm (4 - **1** = 3) **Proximal Attachment** * *Humero-ulnar Head* * Common flexor Tendon (medial epicondyle) * *Radial Head* * *​*Radius (Anterior/superior radial border) **Distal Attachment** * Shafts of middle phalanges (2 - 5 digits) **Action** * Flexion of PIP and MCP joints * makes "girly fist", you can only say "bye bye" without making a full fist **Innervation** * Median N. **Blood Supply** * Ulnar Artery

Question 62

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Answer 62

**Compartment** * Deep flexor/pronator forearm (4 - 1 = **3**) **Proximal Attachment** * Proximal 3/4 of anterior-medial surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane **Distal Attachment** * *Medial Part* * Distal Phalanges of digit 4 - 5 * Lateral Part * ​​Distal Phalanges of digit 2 - 3 **Action** * Flexion of DIP joints * "Just the tips" - enables you to make a complete, "manly" fist **Innervation** * Medial part (4 - 5) = Ulnar Nerve * Lateral part (2 - 3) = anterior interosseous branch of median n. **Blood Supply** * Ulnar artery * Anterior Inerosseous Artery * Branch of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 63

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Answer 63

**Compartment** * Deep flexor/pronator forearm (4 - 1 = **3**) **Proximal Attachment** * Anterior surface of Radius **Distal Attachment** * Distal phalanx of thumb **Action** * Flexion of thumb at IP joint (it is the distal one because thumb only has 2 joints) **Innervation** * Anterior Interosseous Branch of Median N. **Blood Supply** * Anterior Inerosseous Artery * branch of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 64

Pronator Quadratus

Answer 64

**Compartment** * Deep flexor/pronator forearm (4 - 1 = **3**) **Proximal Attachment** * Ulna (distal anterior surface) **Distal Attachment** * Radius (distal anterior surface) **Action** * Pronation **Innervation** * Anterior Interosseous Nerve (branch of the Median N.) **Blood Supply** * Anterior Interosseous Artery * Branch of Common Interosseous a. from Ulnar Artery

Question 65

Brachioradialis

Answer 65

**Compartment** * Superficial extensor/supinator (1 of 6) **Proximal Attachment** * Lateral supraepicondylar ridge **Distal Attachment** * Radius (Distal Lateral Surface) **Action** * Elbow Flexion * one exception to rule of "extensors" on posterior forearm **Innervation** * Radial Nerve **Blood Supply** * Radial Recurrent Artery

Question 66

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Answer 66

**Compartment** * Superficial extensor/supinator forearm (2 of 6) **Proximal Attachment** * Lateral Supraepicondylar Ridge of the Humerus **Distal Attachment** * 2nd metacarpal (dorsal aspect) **Action** * Wrist Extension * Wrist Abduction **Innervation** * Radial Nerve **Blood Supply** * Radial Artery

Question 67

Bony Attachments - Extensor/Supinator Forearm

Question 68

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Answer 68

**Compartment** * Superficial extensor/supinator forearm (3 of 6) **Proximal Attachment** * Common Extensor Tendon (lateral epicondyle) **Distal Attachment** * Middle finger (3rd) metacarpal; dorsal aspect **Action** * Wrist Extension * Wrist Abduction **Innervation** * **Deep** Radial Nerve **Blood Supply** * Radial Artery

Question 69

Extensor Digitorum

Answer 69

**Compartment** * Superficial extensor/supinator (4 of 6) **Proximal Attachment** * Common Extensor Tendon (Lateral Epicondyle) **Distal Attachment** * Extensor expansions (dorsal hood) of digit 2 - 5 **Action** * Extension of 2 - 5 primarily at MCP * secondarily at IP joints **Innervation** * Deep Radial Nerve **Blood Supply** * Interosseous Recurrent Artery Posterior * branches of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 70

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Answer 70

**Compartment** * Superficial extensor/supinator forearm (5 of 6) **Proximal Attachment** * Common Extensor Tendon (Lateral Epicondyle) **Distal Attachment** * Extensor expansion (dorsal hood) of 5th digit (pinky) **Action** * Extension at MCP joint * Weak extension at IP joint **Innervation** * Deep Radial Nerve **Blood Supply** * Interosseous Recurrent Artery * Branch of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 71

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 71

**Compartment** * Superficial extensor/supinator forearm (6 of 6) **Proximal Attachment** * Common Extensor Tendon (Lateral Epicondyle) * Posterior border of Ulna **Distal Attachment** * Dorsal aspect of 5th digit (pinky) metacarpal **Action** * Wrist extension and adduction **Innervation** * Radial Nerve **Blood Supply** * Ulnar Artery

Question 72

Supinator

Answer 72

**Compartment** * Deep extensor/supinator forearm (1 of 5) **Proximal Attachment** * Lateral Epicondyle (Humerus) * Radial collateral ligament * Annular Ligament * Ulnar Crest **Distal Attachment** * Radius - lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 **Action** * Supination * Literally the opposer of the pronator teres **Innervation** * Deep Radial Nerve * Once Deep Radial N. passes through supinator, it becomes **Posterior Interosseous Nerve** **Blood Supply** * Recurrent Interosseous Artery * Branch of Common Interosseous a from ulnar artery

Question 73

Extensor Indicis

Answer 73

**Compartment** * Deep extensor/supinator forearm (2 of 5) **Proximal Attachment** * Ulna - Distal poserior surface * Interosseous Membrane **Distal Attachment** * Extensor Expansion (dorsal hood) of index finger **Action** * Index finger (digit 2) extension **Innervation** * Posterior Interosseous Nerve (continuation of Deep Radial N. after the supinator) **Blood Supply** * Posterior Interosseous Artery * Branch of Common Interosseous a. from Ulnar Artery

Question 74

Abductor Pollicus Longus

Answer 74

**Compartment** * Deep extensor/supinator forearm (3 of 5) * Lateral portion of the anatomical snuff box **Proximal Attachment** * Radius and Ulna (proximal posterior surface) * slightly more proximal than EPL * Interosseous membrane **Distal Attachment** * Thumb metacarpal (lateral portion) **Action** * Abduction of thumb **Innervation** * Posterior Interosseous Nerve * continuation of deep branch of radial N. **Blood Supply** * Posterior Interosseous Artery * Branch of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 75

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 75

**Compartment** * Deep extensor/supinator forearm (4 of 5) * Anatomical snuff box * "It's a Brevis Sandwich" **Proximal Attachment** * Ulna - distal posterior surface * slightly more distal than EPB * Remember, **its a brevis sandwich** for the proximal attachments as well * Interosseous Membrane **Distal Attachment** * Thumb - proximal phalange (dorsal aspect) **Action** * Thumb extension at MCP joint **Innervation** * Posterior Interosseous Nerve * continuation of deep radial nerve distal to supinator muscle **Blood Supply** * Posterior interosseous artery * branch of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 76

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Answer 76

**Compartment** * Deep extensor/supinator forearm (5 of 5) * medial aspect of anatomical snuff box * "top" of brevis sandwich **Proximal Attachment** * Ulna - middle posterior surface * slightly more distal than the APL * Interosseous membrane **Distal Attachment** * Thumb - distal phalange (dorsal aspect) **Action** * Extension of IP joint of thumb * Extension of MP and CM joints of thumb **Innervation** * Posterior Interosseous Nerve * continuation of deep radial nerve distal to supinator **Blood Supply** * Posterior Interosseous Artery * Branch of common interosseous a. from ulnar artery

Question 77

Palmaris Brevis

Answer 77

**Proximal Attachment** * Medial Border of Palmar Aponeurosis **Distal Attachment** * Skin on medial border of hand **Action** * Deepens hollow of the palm, adding to palmar grip * Protects ulnar nerve and artery **Innervation** * Superifical branch of Ulnar N

Question 78

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 78

**Compartment** * Thenar (OAF) **Proximal Attachment** * Flexor Retinaculum * Tubercles of Scaphoid and Trapezium **Distal Attachment** * Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb **Action** * Abduct thumb and assist in opposition **Innervation** * Recurrent Branch of Median N.

Question 79

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Answer 79

**Compartment** * Thenar (OA**F)** **Proximal Attachment** * Flexor Retinaculum * Tubercles of Scaphoid and Trapezium **Distal Attachment** * Lateral edge of prox phalanx of thumb **Action** * Flex thumb and assist in opposition **Innervation** * Recurrent branch of median nerve

Question 80

Opponens Policis

Answer 80

**Compartment** * Thenar (**O**AF) * OP is deep to APB **Proximal Attachment** * Flexor Retinaculum * Scaphoid and Trapezium tubercles **Distal Attachment** * lateral aspect of thumb **Action** * Thumb Opposition at CMC **Innervation** * Recurrent branch of Median N

Question 81

Adductor Pollicis

Answer 81

**Compartment** * Adductor Compartment * Two heads are separated by radial n. as it enters palm **Proximal Attachment** * capitate, base of 2nd and 3rd MCP, shaft of 3rd MCP **Distal Attachment** * Medial Side of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb **Action** * Adduct Thumb **Innervation** * Deep branch of Ulnar N. **Blood Supply** *

Question 82

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 82

**Compartment** * Hypothenar Compartment (OAF Pinky) * Deep to Palmaris Brevis **Proximal Attachment** * Pisiform and medial side of base of proximal phalange of 5th digit **Distal Attachment** * Medial aspect of base of proximal phalange of 5th digit **Action** * Abduct 5th digit at MCP joint **Innervation** * Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 83

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Answer 83

**Compartment** * Hypothenar (OAF Pinky) * Deep to Palmaris Brevis **Proximal Attachment** * Hamate **Distal Attachment** * Medial aspect of 5th digit proximal phalange **Action** * Flex 5th digit at MCP joint **Innervation** * Deep Branch of Ulnar

Question 84

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Answer 84

**Compartment** * Hypothenar (OAF pinky) * Deep to palmaris brevis **Proximal Attachment** * Hamate **Distal Attachment** * Medial border of 5th metacarpal **Action** * Oppose 5th digit at carpometacarpal joint **Innervation** * deep branch of ulnar n. (OAF pinky)

Question 85

Lumbricals

Answer 85

**Compartment** * Central compartment **Proximal Attachment** * Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon **Distal Attachment** * lateral aspect of extensor expansions digit 2 - 5 * think, when your fingers flex, they move toward the midline **Action** * Flexion at MCP joint * Extension at DIP and PIP **Innervation** * 1st and 2nd Lumbricals - MEDIAN N. PROPER * 3rd and 4th lumbricals - Deep branch of Ulnar

Question 86

Palmar Interossei

Answer 86

**Compartment** * Interosseous Compartment * Between metacarpals **Proximal Attachment** * palmar aspect of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals **Distal Attachment** * base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits **Action** * PAD = palmar ADDucts digits to axial line * Extension at IP joints **Innervation** * deep branch of ulnar

Question 87

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 87

**Compartment** * Interosseous * Between metacarpals **Proximal Attachment** * adjacent sides of neighboring metacarpals * looks like 2 heads **Distal Attachment** * proximal phalange **Action** * DAB = ABducts digits away from axial line * Extension at IP joints **Innervation** * Deep branch of the ulnar n.