Upper Limb Muscles - Origins and Insertions

Question 1

What are the 7 muscles connecting the axial skeleton to the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

1) Trapezius
2) Levator Scapulae
3) Sternocleidomastoid
4) Rhomboids
5) Serratus Anterior
6) Pectoralis Minor
7) Subclavius

Question 2

What is the origin and insertion of the Trapezius?

Answer 2

Origin: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C1 to T12
Insertion: Top of lateral clavicle (upper fibers), scapular spine (middle and lower fibers)

Question 3

What is the origin and insertion of Levator Scapulae?

Answer 3

Origin: Transverse process of C1 to C4 vertebrae
Insertion: Upper part of medial border of scapula

Question 4

What is the origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 4

Origin: Manubrium of the sternum and top of medial end of the clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 5

What is the origin and insertion of Rhomboid Minor?

Answer 5

Origin: Spinous process of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Question 6

What is the origin and insertion of Rhomboid Major?

Answer 6

Origin: Spinous process of T2 to T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Question 7

What is the origin and insertion of Serratus Anterior?

Answer 7

Origin: Ribs 1 to 8 and their intercostal spaces
Insertion: Front of whole of the medial border of the scapula

Question 8

What is the origin and insertion of Pectoralis Minor?

Answer 8

Origin: Ribs 3 to 5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Question 9

What is the origin and insertion of Subclavius?

Answer 9

Origin: First costal cartilage
Insertion: A groove on the underside of the clavicle

Question 10

What are the 2 muscles connecting the axial skeleton to the humerus?

Answer 10

1) Latissimus Dorsi

2) Pectoralis Major

Question 11

What is the origin and insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi?

Answer 11

Origin: Spinous process of verterbae from T7 down, the sacrum, and the iliac crest
Insertion: Front of proximal shaft of the humerus

Question 12

What is the origin and insertion of Pectoralis Major?

Answer 12

Origin: Medial third of the clavicle, and sternum
Insertion: Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 13

What are the 2 muscles that connect the shoulder girdle to the humerus (excluding rotator cuff muscles)?

Answer 13

1) Teres Major

2) Deltoid

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion of Teres Major?

Answer 14

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Medial part of proximal shaft of the humerus

Question 15

What is the origin and insertion of Deltoid?

Answer 15

Origin: Lateral clavicle (anterior fibers), acromion (lateral fibers), spine of scapula (posterior fibers)
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 16

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles.

Answer 16

1) Supraspinatus
2) Infraspinatus
3) Teres Minor
4) Subscapularis

Question 17

What is the origin and insertion of the Supraspinatus?

Answer 17

Origin: Supraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 18

What is the origin and insertion of the Infraspinatus?

Answer 18

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 19

What is the origin and insertion of Teres Minor?

Answer 19

Origin: Lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest of the three facets on the greater tubercle)

Question 20

What is the origin and insertion of Subscapularis?

Answer 20

Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Question 21

What is the origin and insertion of Coracobrachialis?

Answer 21

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Shaft of the humerus (about half way down)

Question 22

What are the 2 muscles connecting the shoulder girdle to the forearm (thus acting on both the shoulder and the elbow)?

Answer 22

1) Long head of triceps brachii

2) Biceps Brachii (both heads)

Question 23

What is the origin and insertion of Biceps Brachii (long head & short head)?

Answer 23

Origin: Short head - Coracoid Process, Long head - Supraglenoid Tubercle of Scapula
Insertion: Radial Tuberosity and deep fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Question 24

What is the origin and insertion of Brachialis?

Answer 24

Origin: Anterior, lower half of humeral shaft
Insertion: Ulnar Tuberosity

Question 25

What is the origin and insertion of Triceps Brachii (all heads)?

Answer 25

Origin: Long head - Infraglenoid Tubercle, Lateral head - Proximal humeral shaft, Medial head - Humeral shaft, (distal and medial to lateral head) Insertion: Olecranon process of Ulna

Question 26

What is the origin and insertion of Anconeus?

Answer 26

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Back of proximal Ulna

Question 27

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the Arm?

Answer 27

Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis

Question 28

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the Arm?

Answer 28

Triceps brachii and anconeus

Question 29

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)?

Answer 29

Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Pisiform, and then via ligaments to 5th metacarpal and the hook of hamate

Question 30

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)?

Answer 30

Origin: Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Front of the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Question 31

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)?

Answer 31

Origin: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Dorsal aspect of the 5th metacarpal

Question 32

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)?

Answer 32

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Question 33

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)?

Answer 33

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of the 3rd metacarpal

Question 34

What is the origin and insertion of Palmaris Longus (PL)?

Answer 34

Origin: Medial epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Flexor retinaculum of the wrist and palmar aponeurosis

Question 35

What are the origins and insertions for Extensor Digitorum (ED) and Extensor Digiti Minimi (EDM)? *note they are the same.

Answer 35

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of Humerus Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx and loosely into the extensor expansion of digits 2-5

Question 36

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Indicis (EI)?

Answer 36

Origin: Posterior of the distal Ulnar Insertion: Via a tendon to the extensor expansion of the index finger

Question 37

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)?

Answer 37

Origin: Posterior of middle third of Ulna Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of the thumb

Question 38

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)?

Answer 38

Origin: Posterior of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 39

What is the origin and insertion of Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)?

Answer 39

Origin: Posterior of the middle third of the radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Radial side of the base of the 1st (thumbs) metacarpal

Question 40

What is the origin and insertion of Brachioradialis?

Answer 40

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: Just proximal to the radial styloid process

Question 41

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)?

Answer 41

Origin: Medial epicondyle of Humerus, and a slip form the proximal Ulna Insertion: Middle phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 42

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)?

Answer 42

Origin: Deep surface of the anterior forearm Insertion: Anterior of the base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 43

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)?

Answer 43

Origin: Deep surface of the anterior forearm Insertion: Anterior of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Question 44

What is the origin and insertion of Pronator Teres?

Answer 44

Origin: Medial supracondylar ridge of the Humerus and proximal Ulna Insertion: Lateral mid-shaft of radius

Question 45

What is the origin and insertion of Supinator?

Answer 45

Origin: Lateral epicondyle and radial side of proximal Ulna Insertion: Anterior side of radius, mid-shaft

Question 46

What is the origin and insertion of Pronator Quadratus?

Answer 46

Origin: Distal front of ulna Insertion: Distal front of radius