Upper Limb - Osterology, Arthrology, and Positioning Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
How many interphalangeal joints are found in one upper limb?
A
9
2
Q
each proximal phalanx articulates with a:
A
Metacarpal
3
Q
which bones comprise the palm of the hand?
A
metacarpals
4
Q
which joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger?
A
the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fourth digit
5
Q
which joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the middle plalanx with the proximal end of the distal plalanx of the index finger?
A
the distal inerphalangeal joint of the second digit
6
Q
which joint is a hinge-type joint?
A
Interphalangeal
7
Q
how many metacarpal bones are found in one upper limb?
A
5
8
Q
which articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones?
A
Carpals
9
Q
which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the head of a metacarpal with a digit?
A
Metacarpophalangeal
10
Q
which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the bases of the metacarpals with the bones
A
Carpometacarpals
11
Q
which joint is an ellipsoidal joint?
A
metacarpophalangeal
12
Q
which articulation of the upper limb is a saddle joint that allows the thumb to oppose the fingers?
A
First carpometacarpal
13
Q
which bones are located in the proximal row of the wrist
A
scaphoid, lunate, pisiform, and triquetrum
14
Q
which bones are located in the distal row of the wrist?
A
Hamate, capitate, trapezium, and trapezoid
15
Q
where in the wrist is the scaphoid located?
A
Lateral side of the proximal row
16
Q
where in the wrist is the trapezium located?
A
Lateral side of the distal row
17
Q
where in the wrist is the hamate located?
A
Medial side of the distal row
18
Q
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the hamate?
A
Unciform
19
Q
What other name refers to the carpal bone known as the capitate?
A
Os magnum
20
Q
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezium?
A
Greater multangular
21
Q
what other name refers to the carpal bone know as the trapezoid?
A
Lesser multangular
22
Q
which carpal bone has only one name?
A
Pisiform
23
Q
which bones are classified as short bones?
A
Carpals
24
Q
which joint is the most distal articulation of the wrist
A
Carpometacarpal
25
which joint is the most proximal articulation of the wrist?
Radiocarpal
26
which two carpal bones are the most lateral bones?
Scaphoid and trapezium
27
the lunate is situated [located] between the:
Triquetrum and scaphoid
28
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the scaphoid?
Navicular
29
which carpal bone does not articulate with he radius
Capitate
30
which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the ulna?
Radial notch, olecranon process, and coronoid process
31
which bony structures are located on the distal end of the ulna?
Ulnar head and styloid process
32
which bony structure is located on the distal end of the radius?
Styloid process
33
which bony structures are located on the proximal radius?
Head and tuberosity
34
which bones comprise the forearm?
radius and ulna
35
which structure is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm?
radial styloid process
36
which large bony process is easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the proximal forearm?
Olecranon process
37
which structure is located on the medial side of the distal forearm?
Ulnar styloid process
38
where is the trochlear notch located?
Proximal ulna
39
which two structures articulate to form the proximal radioulnar joint?
Head of the radius and radial notch of the ulma
40
which two structures articulate to form the distal radioulnar joint?
Head of the ulna and ulnar notch of the radius
41
which articulation do the trochlea and the trochlear notch form?
Humeroulnar
42
which structure articulates with the capitulum?
Radial head
43
which structure articulates with the trochlea?
Proximal ulna
44
in which joint is the capitulum located?
Elbow
45
in which joint is the trochlea located?
Elbow
46
which type of joint is the elbow?
Hinge
47
where is the capitulum located
Lateral side of the distal humerus
48
with reference from the trochlea, where is the capitulum located?
Lateral
49
what is the roughened process of the humerus superior and lateral to the intertubercular groove?
Greater tubercle
50
which bony process is located on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus?
Lesser tubercle
51
which structure articulates witht he ulna to form the humeroulnar joint?
Trochlea
52
how many articulations does the humerous have?
3
53
which structure articulates with the radius to form the humeroradial joint?
Capitulum
54
which depression is located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus?
Coronoid fossa
55
which degression is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus?
Olecranon fossa
56
which depression is located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal humerus?
Intertubercular groove
57
what is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the second digit?
1 inch (2.5 cm) on all sides of the digit
58
which digit of the hand produces the greatest OID in the lateral projection of that digit?
Third digit
59
for lateral projections of the second through fifth digits of the hand, through which joint should the central ray be directed?
Proximal interphalangeal
60
from the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that finger?
45
61
which digit of the hand produces the least OID in the lateral projection of that digit?
Second digit
62
how should the hand be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the hand?
From the prone position, rotate the hand radial side up
63
what is the centering point for the central ray for the PA projection of the third finger?
Proximal interphalangeal joint of the third digit
64
what is the centering point for the central ray on the AP projection of the first digit (thumb)?
First MCP joint
65
what is the appropriate collimated field for all projections of the first digit (thumb)?
1 inch (2.5 cm) on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch (2.5 cm) proxima to the CMC joint
66
From the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the lateral projection of that finger?
90 degrees
67
what is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the hand?
1 inch (2.5 cm) on all sides of the hand, including 1 inch (2.5 cm) proximal to the ulnar styloid
68
For the PA projection of the hand, where should the central ray be directed?
Third netacarpophalangeal joint
69
From the prone position, how many degrees should a hand be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that hand?
45 degrees
70
which of the following is best for demonstration of a foreign body in the hand?
Lateral in extension
71
which wrist-positioning maneuver[dieu khien] opens the carpal interspaces on the lateral side of the wrist?
Ulnar deviation
72
which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20 degrees from horizontal?
PA axial (Stecher method)
73
which projection of the wrist corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid carpal bone?
PA with ulnar deviation
74
which projection of the wrist requires that the radial styloid process be superimposed over the ulnar styloid process?
Lateral
75
What is the appropriate collimated field for the PA projection of the wrist?
2.5 inches (6cm) proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch (2.5 cm) on the sides.
76
for the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Slightly arch the hand
77
how should the hand and wrist be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the wrist?
with the hand pronated, rotate the wrist radial side up
78
which projection of the wrist best demonstrates the scaphoid carpal bone and its related articulations?
PA projection, ulnar deviation position
79
how should the hand be positioned for the AP projection of the forearm?
Supinated
80
what is the appropriate collimated field for the all projections of the forearm?
2 inches (5cm) distal to the wrist and proximal to the elbow, and 1 inch (2.5cm) on the sides
81
which description best explains how radial crossover occurs when the forearm is demonstrated?
during the AP projection, the hand is pronated
82
for the AP projection of the forearm, which positioning step should be taken to prevent radial crossover?
Supinate the hand
83
which projection of the forearm requires that the elbow be flexed 90 degrees?
Lateral
84
when performing a radiograph of a forearm in a fiberglass cast, approximately which compensation to exposure technique should occur?
increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp
85
how much should the elbow be flexed for the lateral projection of the elbow?
90 degrees
86
which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superiposition?
AP oblique, lateral rotation position
87
which of the following should be used to image the radial head on a trauma patient?
Axiolateral projection (Coyle method of elbow joint
88
what is the direction and amount of central ray angulation for the axiolateral projection (Coyle method) to demonstrate the radial head and capitulum?
45 degrees toward the shoulder
89
which projection and position of the upper limb best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile and free of superimposition?
AP oblique of the elbow in medial rotation position
89
what is the appropriate collimated field for the AP projection of the elbow?
3 inch (7.6 cm) proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch (2.5 cm) on the sides
90
with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar coronal plane be positioned for the AP projection of the elbow?
Parrallel
91
which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
Lateral projection
92
For the axiolateral projection (Coyle method) of the elbow to demonstrate the coronoid process, the elbow is:
Flexed 80 degrees
93
what is the central ray orientation for the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle method) to demonstrate the coronoid process when the patient is seated
Angled 45 degrees anway from the shoulder
94
which positioning characteristic best indicates that the humerus is properly positioned for the AP projection of the humerus?
The humeral epicondylar coronal plane is parallel with the IR
95
which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection?
The humeral head and greater tubercle are both seen in profile.
96
one way that the lateral radiograph of a humerus produced with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and the IR placed between the arm and thorax, appears different from the lateral position with the patient standing is that the former demonstrates:
Less than the entire humerus
97
with reference to the plane of the IR, how is it determined that the humerus is properly positioned in true lateral position?
The humeral epicondylar coronal plane is perpendicular
98
which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the lateral projection?
the lesser tubercle is seen in profile
99
what is the appropriate collimated field for the AP and lateral projection of the humerus?
2 inch (5 cm) distal to the elbow and superior to the shoulder and 1 inch (2.5 cm) on the sides
