upper limb skeleton

Question 1

What are the components of each pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

Clavicle and scapula

Question 2

How do the bones of the upper limbs connect to the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

Through the sternoclavicular joint

Question 3

How is stabilization primarily achieved in the pectoral girdle?

Answer 3

Through muscles connecting it to the vertebral column and ribs

Question 4

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 4

joint between clavicle and sternum

Question 5

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 5

acromion process articulates w/ clavicle

Question 6

Sternal end articulates with the ___, and acromial end articulates with the ____ - ____ of the scapula.

Answer 6

Sternal end articulates with the sternum, and acromial end articulates with the acromion process of the scapula.

Question 7

What are the points at the superior and inferior ends of the scapula called?

Answer 7

Superior angle and inferior angle

Question 8

What shape do the superior and inferior angles of the scapula form?

Answer 8

A triangle, with the medial border forming the third side.

Question 9

What is the depression located on the lateral point of the scapula called?

Answer 9

Glenoid Cavity

Question 10

What bone articulates with the Glenoid Cavity?

Answer 10

The head of the humerus

Question 11

What are the small projections located at the superior and inferior ends of the Glenoid Cavity called?

Answer 11

Supraglenoid tubercle and infraglenoid tubercle

Question 12

What structure extends anteriorly from the scapula?

Answer 12

Coracoid process

Question 13

What structure extends laterally from the scapula and articulates with the clavicle?

Answer 13

Acromion process

Question 14

What divides the posterior surface of the scapula into two parts?

Answer 14

The spine

Question 15

What determines the names of most joints in the body?

Answer 15

The bones or landmarks on either side of the joint

Question 16

What bones form the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 16

The sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the sternum

Question 17

What joint is formed by the articulation between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula?

Answer 17

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 18

What is the only direct articulation between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle and upper limb?

Answer 18

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 19

What injury is described as an injury to the ligaments that support the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 19

Shoulder separation

Question 20

What are the components of the upper limb?

Answer 20

Arm, forearm, wrist, hand

Question 21

How many bones are there in each upper limb?

Answer 21

30 bones

Question 22

How many bones comprise the arm?

Answer 22

1 bone, the humerus

Question 23

How many bones comprise the forearm?

Answer 23

2 bones, the ulna and radius

Question 24

How many bones comprise the wrist?

Answer 24

8 bones, the carpals

Question 25

How many bones comprise the hand?

Answer 25

19 bones, including metacarpals and phalanges

Question 26

What structure on the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

Answer 26

Head

Question 27

What injury is described as the head of the humerus lying outside the glenoid cavity?

Answer 27

Shoulder dislocation

Question 28

What is located laterally to the head of the humerus?

Answer 28

Anatomical neck

Question 29

What is the term for the shaft of the humerus?

Answer 29

Surgical neck

Question 30

Why is the surgical neck of the humerus so named?

Answer 30

Because it is a common site for fractures of the humerus.

Question 31

What are the two projections located between the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus?

Answer 31

Greater tubercle and lesser tubercle

Question 32

What is the depression located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus called?

Answer 32

Intertubercular sulcus or groove

Question 33

Which muscle in the anterior arm contains long and short heads, with the proximal tendon of the long head running through the intertubercular groove?

Answer 33

Biceps brachii

Question 34

What is the function of the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus?

Answer 34

It serves as an attachment site for the deltoid muscle.

Question 35

What are the two landmarks at the distal end of the humerus that articulate with the ulna and radius?

Answer 35

Trochlea (ulna) and capitulum (radius)

Question 36

Which condyle of the humerus articulates with the ulna?

Answer 36

Trochlea

Question 37

What is the proper name for the lateral condyle of the humerus, which articulates with the radius?

Answer 37

Capitulum

Question 38

Olecranon fossa

Answer 38

A depression where the olecranon process of the ulna sits when elbow is fully extended.

Question 39

In anatomical position, how are the two forearm bones oriented relative to each other?

Answer 39

Parallel

Question 40

Which bone is located on the medial side of the forearm?

Answer 40

Ulna

Question 41

What is the name of the large depression located at the proximal end of the ulna, which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?

Answer 41

Trochlear notch

Question 42

what shapes the bony bump on the back of the elbow?

Answer 42

the olecranon process.

Question 43

Where is the radial notch located on the ulna?

Answer 43

On the lateral side of the coronoid process

Question 44

What articulates with the radial notch of the ulna?

Answer 44

The head of the radius

Question 45

Where is the head of the ulna located?

Answer 45

At the distal end of the ulna

Question 46

What projection is found at the distal end of the ulna?

Answer 46

Styloid process

Question 47

Where is the head of the radius located in relation to the elbow joint?

Answer 47

Proximal, closer to the elbow joint.

Question 48

Which of the two forearm bones is located laterally in the anatomical position?

Answer 48

Radius

Question 49

What is located at the proximal end of the radius and articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?

Answer 49

Head of the radius

Question 50

What joint is formed by the articulation between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus?

Answer 50

Radial humeral joint

Question 51

What joint is formed by the articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna?

Answer 51

Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 52

What structure on the radius articulates with the head of the ulna to form the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 52

Ulnar notch

Question 53

Where is the styloid process located on both the ulna and radius?

Answer 53

At the wrist.

Question 54

Where is the head of the radius located?

Answer 54

At the elbow.

Question 55

Where is the head of the ulna located?

Answer 55

At the wrist.

Question 56

What are the two joints formed by the articulation of the forearm bones with the humerus?

Answer 56

Radiohumeral joint and ulnohumeral joint

Question 57

What do the radiohumeral and ulnohumeral joints collectively form?

Answer 57

The elbow joint.

Question 58

What fibrous tissue connects the two forearm bones along their length?

Answer 58

Interosseous membrane.

Question 59

How are the wrist bones arranged?

Answer 59

Into 2 rows: proximal row and distal row, each containing 4 bones.

Question 60

What are the joints between the carpal bones called?

Answer 60

Intercarpal joints.

Question 61

What bones articulate with the distal radius and distal ulna to form the wrist joint?

Answer 61

The bones in the proximal row of carpal bones.

Question 62

list the 8 carpal bones

Answer 62

scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

Question 63

What is the name of the anterior depression formed by the carpal bones?

Answer 63

Carpal tunnel.

Question 64

What is the function of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 64

It serves as a passageway for tendons, blood vessels, and nerves that pass between the forearm and hand.

Question 65

How many bones are there in the hand?

Answer 65

19 bones

Question 66

How many metacarpal bones are there in the hand?

Answer 66

5 metacarpals.

Question 67

How many phalanges (digits) are there in the hand?

Answer 67

14 phalanges.

Question 68

How are the metacarpals and digits (fingers) numbered?

Answer 68

They are numbered I-V (1-5) from lateral to medial.

Question 69

What joints connect the carpals to the metacarpals?

Answer 69

Carpometacarpal joints.

Question 70

What joints connect the metacarpals to the proximal phalanges?

Answer 70

Metacarpophalangeal joints.

Question 71

What joints connect the phalanges to each other?

Answer 71

Interphalangeal joints.

Question 72

How can the interphalangeal joints be subdivided?

Answer 72

Proximal interphalangeal joints (proximal to middle phalanges) and distal interphalangeal joints (middle to distal phalanges).