upper limbs 2

Question 1

what is a nerve plexus

Answer 1

A nerve plexus is formed when peripheral spinal nerve roots merge and split to produce a network of nerves from which new multi-segmental peripheral nerves emerge.

Question 2

what are teh upper limbs innervated by

Answer 2

brachial plexus

Question 3

what are the lower limbs innervated by

Answer 3

lumbo-sacral plexus

Question 4

where do the roots enter the inferior neck

Answer 4

through teh spinal cord to form trunks, then enter the clavicle and form 6 divisions
, those merge to form 3 cords

Question 5

what is teh superior trunk formed by

Answer 5

c5 c6

Question 6

what forms middle trunk

Answer 6

c7

Question 7

and inferior trunk

Answer 7

c8 and t1

Question 8

how are anterior and posterior divisions formed

Answer 8

each s m i divide to give anterior and posterior

Question 9

what forms the lateral cord

Answer 9

anterior of s m

Question 10

what forms the medial

Answer 10

anterior inferior

Question 11

and posterior

Answer 11

all 3 posterior forms post cord

Question 12

nerves from lateral cord innervate…

Answer 12

lateral structures

Question 13

what are Supraclavicular branches

Answer 13

from the roots and the trunks
e.g. dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve
branch from posterior part of plexus
superoiir to the clavicle

Question 14

Infraclavicular branches

Answer 14

: side branches to pectoral girdle muscles and the main peripheral nerves.
e.g. branches to some scapular muscles, and the large terminal branches e.g. radial, ulnar, median
branch from distal part of plexus
inferior to clavicle

Question 15

what 2 branches arise form the brachial plexus

Answer 15

Supraclavicular branches

clavicular branches

Question 16

what cord does the Musculocutaneous Nerve

branch off from

Answer 16

lateral cord

Question 17

what is the order of roots to bigger stuff

Answer 17

roots(C5 C6ect) 
trunks (superior mid inf)
divisions (ant post) 
cords(lateral posterior medial) 
terminal branches (Musculocutaneous Nerve ect)

Question 18

what does the Musculocutaneous Nerve

innervate

Answer 18

Muscular innervation to the anterior muscles of the arm

Cutaneous innervation of the lateral forearm

Question 19

describe the route from the lateral cord

Answer 19

Pierces coracobrachialis to reach biceps and brachialis muscles.

Continues to cross the elbow joint to innervate the lateral arm

Question 20

ulnar nerve braches of which cord

Answer 20

A terminal branch of the medial cord

Question 21

does it innervate the arm

Answer 21

nope

Question 22

where can it get easily damaged

Answer 22

Passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus – easily damaged here (“funny bone”)

Question 23

what does it innervate

Answer 23

Cutaneous innervation of the medial hand

Branches to intrinsic hand muscles

Question 24

how does it pass through the wrist

Answer 24

distally towards the wrist

Question 25

what part of teh hand does it innervate

Answer 25

the medial aspect | the little finger and half the ring finger

Question 26

does it innervate the foremarm

Answer 26

limited innervation - only 2 muscles

Question 27

Median Nerve braches of which cord

Answer 27

cords- From lateral and medial cords

Question 28

what does it innervate

Answer 28

Innervates most of the anterior forearm muscles Innervates some intrinsic hand muscles Cutaneous innervation of the lateral hand

Question 29

what does it innervate in teh arm

Answer 29

no innervation in the arm

Question 30

Cutaneous innervation to

Answer 30

of the lateral hand and 3½ digits | thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger

Question 31

where is it commonly damaged

Answer 31

Commonly damaged at the wrist, and also in the distal arm

Question 32

what are the nerves of the posterior cord

Answer 32

Radial and Axillary Nerves

Question 33

which is larger

Answer 33

radial

Question 34

what does the axillary nerve innervate

Answer 34

innervates deltoid muscle and upper lateral aspect of the arm

Question 35

what does teh radial muscle supply

Answer 35

Innervates all arm and forearm posterior muscles, no intrinsic hand muscles Cutaneous branches in arm and forearm Cutaneous innervation of the lateral hand and 3½ digits

Question 36

what is the differnce between teh superficial and deep branches to the

Answer 36

superficial is a sensory branch supplying teh back of teh hand deep supplies motor to the posterior forearm musckes

Question 37

where does teh radial nerve divide

Answer 37

at the elbow region

Question 38

Superficial branch innervate

Answer 38

cutaneous to the dorsolateral hand

Question 39

Deep branch

Answer 39

motor supply to the posterior muscles of the forearm

Question 40

sensory innervation of the hadns nerves

Answer 40

stop median nerve | ulnar nerve

Question 41

what does the ulnar nerve supply

Answer 41

medial one and half digit little finger half the ring finger

Question 42

what does the median nerve supply

Answer 42

lateral 3 and a half digiits | thumb to half the ring finger

Question 43

what part of the hand doees the radial nerve supply

Answer 43

the back of the hand | lateral aspect from the thumb to half teh middle only the hand not the digits themselves

Question 44

what is most of the upper limb blood supply

Answer 44

(left and right) subclavian artery

Question 45

what strcuture does it pass under

Answer 45

clavicle

Question 46

what happens to teh artery then

Answer 46

becomes the axillary artery

Question 47

what is the largest brach of the brachial artery

Answer 47

profunda brachii artery

Question 48

where does the brachial artery cross the elbow

Answer 48

antecubital fossa

Question 49

what braches then arise

Answer 49

radial and ulnar artery

Question 50

what branches does the ulnar artery arise

Answer 50

common -> anterior, posterior interosseous artery

Question 51

when arteries of the forearm cross the wrist, what do they form

Answer 51

arterial arches

Question 52

what do the radial and ulnar arches form

Answer 52

2 palmar arches - superficial and deep

Question 53

what does teh posterior interosseous artery form when crossing the wrist

Answer 53

dorsal carpal arch

Question 54

what are teh 2 forms of venous return in the limbs

Answer 54

Deep (accompanying the arteries) Superficial (on the limb surface)

Question 55

What are venae comitantes?

Answer 55

Venae comitantes (VC) = accompanying veins Multiple veins form a network of smaller veins with arteries which they accompany

Question 56

what do these allow

Answer 56

Connections between the VC Allow heat exchange Artery pulse promotes venous flow

Question 57

what is teh pattern of The Superficial Veins

Answer 57

small veins in the digits drain into a superficial venous network on the dorsal of the hand which, at teh wrist, forms Basilic (medial) Cephalic (lateral)

Question 58

which is the medial vien

Answer 58

basillic

Question 59

whcih is the lateral

Answer 59

cephalic

Question 60

what is a vein most people have in the elbow region

Answer 60

media cubital vein

Question 61

what is this vein used for

Answer 61

venapuncture to take blood

Question 62

what is the journey made by the cephalic vein

Answer 62

passes through the lateral aspect of the arm passes between teh deltoid and pectoral muscles --> axillary to subclavian

Question 63

and the basillic

Answer 63

perices teh fascia to go deep to join the vena cominatantes of the the bracial vien and forms large bascilic vein

Question 64

how do teh lympahtic and vein drainage link

Answer 64

In general, the lymphatic vessels run with the veins in most organs and tissues.

Question 65

where are teh lymph nodes in teh upper limb

Answer 65

Cubital nodes – drain distal limb Axillary nodes – drain limb and breast

Question 66

where do teh cubital nodes drain

Answer 66

drain distal limb- hand and forearm

Question 67

and axillary

Answer 67

drain limb and breast