Upper Paleolithic Cultures

Question 1

Upper Paleolithic Culture

Answer 1

By 40,000 yrs ago only modern human existed (Experienced megafauna hunting, emergence of art, ritual, decoration, & first domestication)

Question 2

Environment (Last Ice Age)

Answer 2

40-10,000 yrs ago, had glaciers, & tundra zone

Question 3

Doggerland (Drowned Civilization)

Answer 3

1. Connected the British isles to continental Europe
2. Was discovered by dutch fishing trawlers “doggers”
3. Could walk from England to France

Question 4

What type of technological development did dogger isle show?

Answer 4

Showed a maritime emphasis such as dugout canoes, leister, fish traps

Question 5

Mammoths

Answer 5

1. First skeleton was discovered in 1799 they were thought to be “earth moles”
2. They migrated from siberia to alaska
3. Mostly extinct by 10,000 yrs ago

Question 6

What were the smallest type of mammoths?

Answer 6

Wooly mammoths

Question 7

How were mammoths preserved?

Answer 7

Melting permafrost

Question 8

What were mammoth bones used for?

Answer 8

1. Building things such as homes

2. Use to fuel fire

Question 9

Spear throwers

Answer 9

Used for long distance hunting

Question 10

True or false mammoth bones were also used for carving, ornaments, etc

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the oldest decorative ornament in europe?

Answer 11

Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria

Question 12

Venus Figurines

Answer 12

Female figures (ex. Dolni Vostenice)

Question 13

There was __________ all through Europe engraved & painted onto walls

Answer 13

Cave art

Question 14

What location in Europe had 171 charcoal examples of cave art in Europe?

Answer 14

Chavet Pont d’Arc

Question 15

What was the first domesticated species?

Answer 15

Dogs

Question 16

Dog domestication

Answer 16

1. Had multiple domestication episodes (Western Eurasian bottleneck & eastern Eurasian descendants)
2. Wolves were the first to be domesticated & was used in mammoth hunting

Question 17

Summary of things that occurred in Europe

Answer 17

1. Megafauna & maritime adaptations
2. Diversity of Art
3. First domestication

Question 18

Only ________ was in the new world

Answer 18

Homo sapiens (modern humans)

Question 19

What were the 3 language groups among the modern humans?

Answer 19

1. Amerind
2. Na-Dene
3. Inuit/ Aleut

Question 20

Who was the first occupants of the America at the end of the ice age?

Answer 20

Paleoindians (subgroups are pre-Clovis, Clovis, & other Paleoindians)

Question 21

Pre-Clovis :Meadowcroft Rockshelter, PA

Answer 21

1. Happened 18,000 yrs ago
2. West of Pittsburgh in 1970s (one of the first accepted pre-Clovis)
3. Had the earliest domesticated crops

Question 22

What was in Page -Ladson Florida?

Answer 22

Aucilla River which is a sinkhole underwater today

Question 23

What culture was believed to be the first Americans?

Answer 23

Clovis Culture

Question 24

Younger Dryas Impact

Answer 24

1. Hiawatha glacier in greenland
2. iron asteroid 1.5 mile diameter
3. Ended the clovis

Question 25

______________ only human remains associated with Clovis points

Answer 25

Child Clovis burial in Anzick, Montana (showed the end of the Clovis culture)

Question 26

Anzick Boy DNA

Answer 26

Was claimed by montana groups & is closer to modern indigenous than siberian groups

Question 27

Kennewick Man

Answer 27

Was a Paleoindian

Question 28

What are some theories to how people got to America?

Answer 28

1. Beringia Land bridge 2. Coastal route 3. Rogue Solutrean

Question 29

Beringia Theory

Answer 29

1. Followed megafauna across the land bridge from Russia to Ak 2. Stranded after Ice age when strait was flooded

Question 30

Beringia

Answer 30

Connected siberia to northwest america

Question 31

Coastal Migration theory

Answer 31

People migrated using maritime technologies had rich kelp forest ecosystem along the pacific coast (kelp highway hypothesis)

Question 32

Coastal Migration Expectation

Answer 32

1. Had familiar environments 2. Efficiency of travel 3. Coasts occupied before inland sites

Question 33

Where was a coastal route?

Answer 33

Monte Verde, Chile was a year round habitation site preserved in peat & preserved meat & firewood

Question 34

What are some issues with the kelp highway theory?

Answer 34

1. Sea level rise 200 ft lwoer 2. Buried, submerged sites 3. No signature artifacts 4. Perservation

Question 35

Solutrean Hypothesis

Answer 35

Southwest european could've been the first americans but wasnt much evidence to support

Question 36

Highly Controversial Solutrean Theory

Answer 36

1. Largely debunked by genetic evidence | 2. Had technological similarities (Clovis & Solutrean)

Question 37

Solutrean Culture

Answer 37

Located in southwest europe, had terrestial adaptation, & had laurel -shaped stone tools