Upper Respiratory Tract Pathology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Upper Respiratory Tract Pathology Deck (26)
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1
Q

Fall pathogens

A

rhinovirus
parainfluenza virus
GAS
(same ones as spring)

2
Q

Winter pathogens

A

RSV
adenovirus
influenza virus

3
Q

spring pathogens

A

rhinovirus
parainfluenza virus
GAS
(same ones as fall)

4
Q

summer pathogens

A

adenovirus
bordetella pertussus
enterovirus

5
Q

what are the most common bacterial causes of paranasal sinusitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
(same as cause for otitis media)

6
Q

what are the most common viral causes of paranasal sinusitis?

A

adenovirus
influenza
parainfluenza
rhinovirus

7
Q

what happens on day 1-2 of the common cold?

A

throat irritation
sneezing
nasal stuffiness

8
Q

what happens on day 2-4 of the common cold?

A

rhinitis
watering eyes
sometimes hoarseness
cough

9
Q

what happens on day 5-7 of the common cold?

A

low grade fever (100.5-102)
chilliness
headache
myalgia

10
Q

for paranasal sinusitis, what will you find on the physical exam?

A

mucopurulent discharge
mucosa is erythematous
cervical LNs NOT tender/big
tenderness over sinuses

11
Q

what causes compression of the alveolar nerve?

A

paranasal sinusitis —> plugged up maxillary sinus –> cold 10+ days –> distended maxillary sinus presses on alveolar nerves —> teeth ache

12
Q

what are the complications of paranasal sinusitis?

A

orbital “swollen eye”
osteomyelitis
intracranial

13
Q

how long does pharyngitis last?

A

4-10 days

14
Q

what causes pharyngitis?

A

adenovirus
influenza
parainfluenza

15
Q

what does NOT cause pharyngitis?

A

rhinovirus

RSV

16
Q

what are the less likely causes of pharyngitis?

A

GAS
EBV
Enterovirus

17
Q

what causes otitis externa? Does it present with fever?

A
NO FEVER 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in tap water = swimming)
staphylococcus aureus (drug users, it's on the skin) 
GAS = group A streptococcus 

drug users clean syringes with tap water

18
Q

how do you treat otitis externa?

A

ear drops = acetic acid washes with a mixture against gram + rods

19
Q

what pathogens cause otitis media? Does it present with fever?

A
yes to fever 
Streptococcus pneumoniae 
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 
Moraxella catarrahalis 
(same as cause for paranasal sinusitis)
20
Q

how do you define recurrent acute otitis media?

A

3 episodes in 6 months
OR
4 episodes in 12 months

21
Q

whats the most likely cause of epiglottitus/supraglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b causes 90% of cases.

May also be caused by nontypeable H. influenzae or other bacteria

22
Q

what pathogens cause Croup? What does it look like on X-ray?

A
STEEPLE SIGN!! = SUBepiglottic edema 
viruses:
PARAINFLUENZA (think Puppy sound)
influenza
RSV
adenovirus

rapid onset in epidemic patterns like DAYCARE –> outbreaks

transmitted by respiratory droplets of hand –> mouth

23
Q

what are Sinonasal Papillomas (nasal polyp) associated with?

A

HPV 6 and 11

CF

24
Q

what markers do you use for olfactory neuroblastoma?

A

S100
neuron specific enolase
chromogranin
synaptophysin

25
Q

what are “rossets” associated with?

A

“smell the roses”

Olfactory Neuroblastoma

26
Q

who gets vocal cord polyps?

A

singers

smokers