Urban Issues Flashcards
(20 cards)
Urbanisation
An increase in the amount of people moving into urban areas
Fact about urbanisation
In 2007, the UN announced that more than 50% of the world’s population live in urban areas for the first time
Pull factors for urbanisation
- More jobs
- Better education & healthcare
- Increased quality of life
- Following family members
Push factors for urban areas
- Natural disasters
- War and conflict
- Mechanisation
- Drought
- Lack of employment
Rural to urban migration
The movement of people from rural to urban areas
Natural increase
When the birth rate exceeds the death rate
Causes of an increase in birth rate
- High percentage of population are child-bearing age, which leads to high fertility rate
- Lack of contraception or education about family planning
Causes of a lower death rate
- High life expectancy due to better living conditions and diet
- Improved medical facilities helps lower infant mortality rate
Megacity
An urban area with over 10 million people living there
Fact about megacities
More than two thirds of current megacities are located in either NEEs (Brazil) and LICs (Nigeria)
Integrated Transport System
The linking of different forms of public and private transport within a city and its surrounding area
Brownfield Site
An area of land that has previously been used but has become vacant, derelict or contaminated
Greenbelt Area
A zone of land surrounding a city where new building is strictly controlled to prevent cities from growing too much and too fast
Urban Regeneration
Investing in the revival of old, urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it and rebuilding
Sustainable Urban Living
Being able to live in cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations can also use them
Water Conservation
Reducing the amount of water used by
- Collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets
- Installing water meters and toilets that flush less water
- Educating people on using less water
Energy Conservation
Using less fossil fuels to reduce the rate of climate change by
- Promoting renewable energy sources
- Making homes more energy efficient
- Encouraging people to use less energy
Creating Green Space
Improves quality of life by
- Providing natural cooler areas for people to relax in
- Encouraging people to exercise
- Reducing the risk of flooding from surface runoff
Waste Recycling
Fewer resources are used permanently and less waste goes to landfill by
- Collecting household waste
- Creating more local recycling facilities
- Educating people on the benefits in recycling
