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Geography > urban issues and challenges > Flashcards

urban issues and challenges Flashcards

1
Q

define HIC and give an example

A

higher income countries e.g. uk

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2
Q

define NEE and give an example

A

newly emerging economy e.g. china

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3
Q

define LIC and give an example

A

lower income countries e.g. Nigeria

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4
Q

define urban population

A

the population (number of people) living in urban areas

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5
Q

define urbanisation

A

the increase in the % of a country’s population living in urban areas

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6
Q

what are the uk top 11 cities

A

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leeds, Liverpool, Bradford, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Coventry, Bristol, London

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7
Q

what is happening to the rural and urban population

A

the overall trend is that rural numbers are decreasing, but urban numbers are rapidly increasing

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8
Q

define migration

A

the movement of people

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9
Q

define natural increase

A

having a higher birth rate then death rate

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10
Q

define mega city

A

a city with a population more than 10 million

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11
Q

can you give an example of a mega city

A
  • NYC
  • Los Angeles
  • Tokyo
  • Moscow
  • Rio De Janeiro
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12
Q

list the push factors which would cause rural - urban migration

A
  • poverty
  • basic education
  • few doctors or hospitals
  • natural disasters
  • poor harvests leading to famine
  • war
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13
Q

list the pull factors which would cause rural - urban migration

A
  • better paying jobs
  • higher standard of living
  • family and friends live there
  • range of entertainment
  • better quality of life
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14
Q

what are push factors

A

something that makes someone want to leave their area (negative)

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15
Q

what are pull factors

A

something that makes someone want to move (positive)

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16
Q

what is the current rate of urbanisation in HIC’s and why?

A

The rate of urbanisation in HIC’s is low because the country has already been through an industrialisation, but also the population is steadying out and isn’t dramatically increasing or decreasing

17
Q

what is the current rate of urbanisation in LIC’s and why?

A

The rate in LIC’s is high because they are still developing and waiting for an industrialisation so people are moving to the cities, as well as people are having more children and so the birth rate is overtaking the death rate (natural increase)

18
Q

true or false?
Lagos is a small city in Nigeria

A

false
lagos is a mega city

19
Q

describe the location of Nigeria

A
  • found in the continent of Africa
  • found in-between the tropics of cancer and the tropics of Capricorn
  • the countries that border it are Chad, Niger, Cameroon, Benin
20
Q

what is the regional importance of Lagos

A
  • home to 10% of Nigerias population
  • transport hub
  • thriving arts/culture scene
  • provides hospitals, schools, uni’s
  • provides employment, leisure
21
Q

what is the national importance of Lagos

A
  • trade and commerce
  • 80% of Nigerias industry is based in lagos
  • 80% of Nigerias imports and 70% of its exports
  • Nigerias media centre/ film industry
  • TNCs headquarters
  • financial centre
22
Q

what is the international importance of Lagos

A
  • financial centre of west Africa
  • 80% of flights into west Africa go into lagos
  • highest standard of living in Nigeria and Africa
  • venue for major sporting events
  • ICT centre of west Africa
23
Q

define economic opportunities

A

chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment

24
Q

why has the costal location of Lagos been key in its development as a mega city

A

it allows businesses to import and export good allowing them to grow and expand their companies.

25
Q

why is the lagos lagoon a big attraction?

A

it is a sheltered harbour for the ships making it safe and very accessible for trade to take place.

26
Q

what is the multiplayer effect?

A

that if one business/ company does well other companies will want to come and share their success having the economy of Lagos
young population ~ large workforce ~ better education ~ skilled workers

27
Q

define social opportunities

A

chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and health care

28
Q

define informal economy

A
  • a job that does not have a contract
  • doesn’t guarantee work
  • don’t pay tax
29
Q

true or false ?
there is an international airport in Lagos

A

true
its one of the things that attracts so may people

30
Q

there are many challenges in Makoko, talk about the fact the majority of to is water based

A

limiting access and only boats can be used

31
Q

there are many challenges in makoko, talk about squatter settlements

A
  • informal
  • illegal
  • pay for watch out gangs
32
Q

there are many challenges in makoko, talk about lack of sanitation

A
  • due to lack of sanitation water born diseases come about such as cholera
  • this causes people to stop working
  • which then causes a lack of income
  • lowering life expectancy
33
Q

there are many challenges in makoko, talk about no government funding

A
  • no schools
  • no hospitals
  • illegal housing
  • no clean water
  • bad facilities
34
Q

what are the main environmental challenges in Lagos

A

traffic congestion, waste disposal and water supply

35
Q

what are the people of Lagos doing to help the traffic congestion

A
  • they are building a new light railway scheme
  • first stage opened in 2016
  • runs into the CBD
  • carries 7 times as may passengers as the previous time
  • part of a wider strategic transport plan for lagos
36
Q

what are the people of Lagos doing to help the waste disposal

A
  • each day residents sort 3,000 tonnes of waste by hand
  • natural gases such as methane can be harnessed for energy
  • more recycling points
  • management authority is planned to produce 25MW of electricity
37
Q

what are the people of Lagos doing to help the water supply

A
  • began to be regulated in 2012
    -regulate water supply
  • give licenses for bare holes
  • making sure all water is clean
38
Q

what are the aims for the Lagos metropolitan development and governance project (LMDGP)

A

to increase sustainable access to basic urban services through investments in critical infrastructure in 9 of the worst slums in Lagos, including Makoko

Geography (2 decks)

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