Urban Issues And Challenges Flashcards
(29 cards)
What percentage of the world’s population lives in urban areas?
Approximately 4% of the world’s population lives in urban areas.
What is urbanisation?
Urbanisation is the growth of people living in urban areas.
Describe the changes to the urban population in developed (HIC) and developing (LIC) countries.
Urbanisation is happening at a faster rate in LICs and at a lower rate in HICs.
Why is urbanisation happening at a faster rate in LICs?
LICs have more job opportunities in urban areas, prompting migration from rural to urban.
What factors affect the rate of urbanisation?
Factors include migration (push and pull factors), job opportunities, better healthcare, and natural increase (high birthrate and low deathrate).
What is a megacity?
A megacity is defined as a population of more than 10 million.
What is rural-urban migration?
Rural-urban migration occurs when people move from countryside to city.
Describe the distribution of the world’s megacities.
The distribution of megacities is mostly in Asia, with examples including Korea, Japan, and China, but also scattered across South America and Europe.
What creates opportunities and challenges for cities in LICs and NEEs?
Urban growth creates opportunities and challenges for cities in LICs and NEEs.
Why is Rio de Janeiro important regionally?
Rio de Janeiro is important regionally due to its major schools and real estate core.
Why is Rio de Janeiro important nationally?
Rio de Janeiro is important nationally as it is a major exporter of minerals and sugar.
Why is Rio de Janeiro important internationally?
Rio de Janeiro is important internationally for tourism, art, and cultural trade.
Why is Rio a growing city?
Rio is a growing city due to a higher birth rate than death rate and rural-urban migration.
What are the opportunities for people living in Rio?
Opportunities include access to services, resources, jobs, and money.
What challenges are created by urban growth in Rio?
Challenges include squatter settlements, health and education issues, clean water access, unemployment, crime, and pollution.
What percentage of homes in favelas have no clean water?
30% of homes in favelas have no clean water.
What is the infant mortality rate in favelas?
The infant mortality rate in favelas can be as high as 95 per 1,000 children.
What is an example of urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor?
The Favela Bairro Project in Rio de Janeiro is an example of urban planning improving quality of life.
What are some improvements made by the Favela Bairro Project?
Improvements include upgraded infrastructure, sewage systems, road paving, and a cable car system.
What were some successes of the Favela Bairro Project?
Successes include the cable car system improving connectivity and a training program enhancing quality of life.
What were some failures of the Favela Bairro Project?
Failures include rising rents making housing less affordable and challenges in maintaining costly new infrastructure.
What leads to a variety of social, economic, and environmental opportunities and challenges in UK cities?
Urban change in cities in the UK.
