Urban Issues And Challenges

Question 1

Define urbanisation

Answer 1

The growth in the proportion of a countries population living in urban areas

Question 2

What are the 2 causes for urbanisation

Answer 2

1. Rural-urban migration
2. Natural increase

Question 3

What is rural to urban migration affected by

Answer 3

Push and pull factors

Question 4

Define push factors

Answer 4

Things that encourage people to leave an area

Question 5

Define pull factors

Answer 5

Things that encourage people to move to an area

Question 6

What are 3 push factors

Answer 6

1. Natural disasters
2. Conflict/war
3. Extreme climate

Question 7

What are 3 pull factors

Answer 7

1. Job opportunities
2. Access to better healthcare + education
3. Better quality of life

Question 8

Define natural increase

Answer 8

Birth rate is higher than the death rate so population increases

Question 9

Define mega city

Answer 9

Urban area with a population greater than 10 million

Question 10

Name 2 social opportunities created by urban growth of NEEs and LICs

Answer 10

1. Better access to services e.g. healthcare and education
2. Better access to resources e.g. clean water supply + electricity

Question 11

Name 2 economic opportunities created by the urban growth of NEEs and LICs

Answer 11

1. Growth of urban industrial areas can increase economic development
2. As industries develop, more people move to urban areas to work in factories which have more jobs and better wages than rural areas

Question 12

Whats the overall social and economic challenge of urban growth in NEEs and LICs

Answer 12

Many people who move to cities from rural areas end up in squatter settlements because they cant afford proper housing

Question 13

What are 4 social snd economic challenges of squatter settlements

Answer 13

1. People ho live there hardly have access to clean running water, sewers or electricity
2. Unclean conditions and lack of access to medical services lead to poor health
3. High levels of unemployment and crime
4. Limited access to education means people wont acquire the skills needed to get a good job

Question 14

What are the overall environmental challenges pf urban growth in LICs and NEEs

Answer 14

If cities grown rapidly, waste disposal services, sewage systems and environmental regulations for factories cant keep up with the growth

Question 15

What 4 environmental impacts does the inability to maintain environmental regulations in NES and LICs have

Answer 15

1. Rubbish often isn’t collected so ends up in rubbish heaps
2. Air pollution from factories + vehicle exhaust fumes
3. Sewage + toxic chemicals can get into rivers harming wildlife
4. Increased greenhouse gas emissions due to increased vehicle usage

Question 16

What is the case study for urban issues and challenges

Answer 16

Lagos