Urban issues and Challenges in LIC and NEE's Flashcards
How many people are living on earth?
7.3 billion in 2011, 7.9 billion circa 2021. The highest rates of population are in LIC’s (Low income countries) such as Zimbabwe, Malawi and Niger. Some countries are experiencing population decline such as japan, Russia and Ukraine.
Name The top megacities
Tokyo-Yokohoma (37mil) Jakarta (Indonesia - 30 mil) Delhi (India - 25 mil) Manila (Philippines - 24 mil) and Seoul with 23 mil.
What are the causes of urban growth?
Natural increase or decrease - The difference between the number of births and deaths
Migration - movement of people in or out of the city. More people are moving out of rural areas and moving in to cities - this is called rural-urban migration.
Possible Push factors for rural depopulation
unemployment lower wages crop failure poor living conditions poor health and education services few facilities natural disasters civil war
Possible Pull factors for urban population
more jobs higher wages better living conditions better education and health services better facilities less chance of natural disasters
Rural to urban migration in India
India is a NEE (Newly emerging economy). People move to places like Mumbai because they think the city will provide lots of opportunities such as better housing and services, better jobs and wages and better living conditions with a safer environment.
Challenges cities like Mumbai face
Poor housing and crime, low wages or unemployment and polluted drinking water and a lack of sanitation.
Problems with rapid rural to urban migration
Squatter settlements - Over 1 million people live in the sqatter settlement of Dhravi and it is very unsafe. Houses are made of cardboard, wood, corrugated iron, plastic sheeting and metal from oil drums. There is a lack of sanitation there with little clean drinking water and open sewers. Thousands of workshops are present and people are employed in the informal jobs sector.
How can squatter settlements be improved?
Squatter settlements can be improved through urban planning. The plan to improve Dharavi is called Vision Mumbai. This involves replacing squatter settlement housing with high-quality high-rise tower blocks of flats. The improvement of Dharavi has still not begun.
