Urban Processes and Land Use Zones Flashcards
(31 cards)
Define centrifugal forces.
Discourage the establishment of certain functions in central areas.
Encourage re-location in outer or peripheral zones.
Examples of centrifugal forces.
Increasing cost of central city land, rates, and services.
Inaccessibility of the core due to traffic congestion..
Define centripetal forces.
Encourage movement towards the centre.
Responsible for attracting specialised retail outlets, banks and insurance companies to the CBD.
Examples of centripetal forces.
Better services.
Higher accessibility.
Greater prestige.
Define land use competition.
The sorting process where intensive activities develop closer to the centre of the city while extensive activities drift to the fringes.
Competition for the accessible space forces up land values in the core.
Define economic rent.
The expected return from using a given area.
Define invasion.
When one type of land use takes over an area which was previously dominated by another.
Usually, the new function occupies the old buildings-not a major change in the streetscape.
Define succession.
When a formerly dominant land use is replaced by a subsequent land use.
Can occur when a whole street of houses are occupied by businesses/when the building is replaced.
Define gentrification.
A form of inertia.
When older suburbs are restored to their former glory by a new generation of residents.
Can happen in commercial areas but more commonly in inner city residential suburbs.
Define façading.
A form of gentrification.
The retaining of the historical front of the building while modernising the rear.
Improves the visual appearance of the streetscape.
Define urban blight.
The reverse process of renewal.
Where inner-city areas deteriorate and decay.
Property owners are reluctant to maintain their properties due to invasion by higher economic rent activity.
Properties usually let to low-income earners requiring cheap housing/firms needing cheap storage.
Define agglomeration/segregation of unlike functions.
Usually governments zone areas in an attempt to keep incompatible activities, such as heavy industry and residences apart.
Define aggregation.
Explains why certain precincts are dominated by particular functions.
Define infilling/consolidation/battle-axing.
Where higher density buildings replace usually residential low-density use either with blocks of flats or building in the backyards of suburban houses.
Define inertia.
Resistance to change.
Usually takes the form of historical, recreational, religious or personal.
Define urban renewal.
Gentrification over a wide area.
Usually government-initiated.
The re-development of a run-down light industrial area to an attractive medium to a high-density housing area.
Can also take place in the rural-urban fringe.
Define urban sprawl.
Uncontrolled outward growth of an urban centre.
Due to the development of space-extensive housing/modern transport system/high per capita car ownership.
Define urban shadow.
Urban blight in the RUF.
Possible future development causes property owners to reduce spending on maintenance.
Increasing competition forces up land values.
Define planning.
A deliberate process of grouping similar functions to avoid conflict with other land uses, (industrial and residential).
Urban deferred-areas often set aside for future land use.
Leapfrogging-if the zone is outside the boundary of the urban area.
Define urbanisation.
When people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment.
3 main causes of urbanisation.
Rural to urban migration.
Natural increase in urban population with improved and more readily available healthcare increases life expectancy.
Redrawing of urban boundaries as cities expand to accommodate growing populations.
Define rural to urban migraton.
When people move to urban areas in search of jobs, education and healthcare.
Poor harvests/mechanisation/lack of agricultural land push them away.
Define suburbanisation.
When affluent urban dwellers buy homes in the suburban areas on the fringes of the city.
Causes of suburbanisation.
People cannot afford the high land prices in the core of the city.
