urban theories and practices Flashcards
urban theories and practices
• garden cities
• city beautiful movement
• new capitals
• city of towers
• broadacres
• radical urban ideas
• contemporary world urbanization
author of “tomorrow: a peaceful path to social reform” later retitled as “Garden Cities of Tomorrow”
ebenezer howard
one of the most important books of urban planning
Garden Cities of Tomorrow
clustered with a mother town of 58,000 to 65,000 with a smaller “garden cities” of 30,000 to 32,000 each with permanent green space separating the cities with the towns serving as horizontal fence of farmland
The Garden City Movement
rails and roads would link the towns with industries and nearby towns with industries and nearby towns supplying fresh food
The Garden City Movement
advocated the concept of the ‘social city’
The Garden City Movement
polycentric settlement, growth without limit, surrounded by a greenbelt, town grows by cellular addition into a complex
The Garden City Movement
depicted both the city and the countryside had an indissoluble mixture of advatages and disasvantages
the 3 magnets
combined the advantages of the town by way of access and all the the advantages of the country by way of environment without any disadvantages of either
Garden City
achieved by planned decentralized of workers and their places of employment, thus transferring the advantage of urban agglomeration en bloc to new settlement
Garden City
The Garden City Association was established by Howard in?
1899
first Garden city designed by Raymund Unwin & Barry Parker in 1902
Letchworth
Followers of Howard
> Sir Frederick Osborne
Raymund Unwin
Barry Parker
opened in 1907; meant only for housing but with a variety of open space instead of greenbelts
Hampstead Garden Suburbs
called the 3rd garden city
Wythenshawe
The City Beautiful Era
1900-1945
father of american city planning
Daniel Burnham
influenced by the world fairs of the late 19th century
The City Beautiful Era
emphasis was on grand formal designs, with wide boulevards, civic spaces, arts etc
The City Beautiful Era
credited for the designs of san francisco and cleveland
Daniel Burnham
Golden era of urban designs of US
The City Beautiful Era (1900-1945)
the city was totally designed system of main circulation arteries, a network of parks and clusters or focal buildings or building blocks of civic centers, including city hall, court house, museum, plaza
The City Beautiful Era
total concentration on the monumental and superficial, on architecture as symbols of power, and an almost lack of interest on wider social purpose of planning
The City Beautiful Era
worked on the reconstruction of paris;
Baron George Eugene Hausmann
